On 3 September, a federal jury found electrical engineer J. Reece Roth, 70, guilty on 17 counts for conspiracy, wire fraud and violating the Arms Export Control Act. Roth, a professor emeritus at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, had been working on ways of using plasma to reduce drag on aircraft wings.

J. Reece Roth. Credit: UNIV. TENNESSEE/AP

He had employed both Chinese and Iranian graduate students without proper authorization (see _Nature_ 442, 232; 2006). Roth will be sentenced on 7 January 2009; he faces a maximum sentence of 150 years.

The conviction serves as a warning to other academics, says Russ Dedrick, a US attorney with the Eastern District of Tennessee. "Our scientific and educational communities must take precautions to ensure that technology and research are protected," he says.