Browse Articles

Filter By:

  • Public Transport Networks often suffer from disruption that needs to be reduced and mitigated. The authors study the correlation between topological and recoverability indicators for 42 transport networks in various cities, and find that denser and more efficient networks can better withstand disruptions, while larger networks with additional redundancy can rebound faster to normal performance levels during the recovery process.

    • Renzo Massobrio
    • Oded Cats
    ArticleOpen Access
  • Astrophysical jets are pivotal in the process of star formation, yet the mechanism responsible for their collimation remains a topic of intense debate, largely due to the constraints imposed by astronomical observational techniques and facilities. In this study, the authors demonstrate that a wide-angle plasma plume can undergo collimation and acceleration when subjected to toroidal magnetic fields, as evidenced by all-optical laboratory experiments.

    • Z. Lei
    • L. X. Li
    • B. Qiao
    ArticleOpen Access
  • Optical beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) are promising candidates for free-space optical communication. The authors devise a hybrid optical-electronic convolutional neural network approach reaching a 4-bit OAM-coded signal demultiplexing accuracy of 72.84% under strong atmospheric turbulence conditions with 3.2 times faster training time than all electronic convolutional neural network.

    • Jiachi Ye
    • Haoyan Kang
    • Hamed Dalir
    ArticleOpen Access
  • The existence of electron gas at the interfaces of oxide-based heterostructures with broken spatial inversion symmetry gives rise to various interesting physical phenomena. Here, the authors report a new type quasi-three-dimensional electron gas state at the interface of ferrimagnetic semiconductor-strontium titanate heterostructures, which show high mobility, high valley degeneracy and possible spin polarization.

    • Zhao-Cai Wang
    • Lei Chen
    • Ren-Kui Zheng
    ArticleOpen Access
  • High Harmonic Generation in solids differs with respect to its atomic counterpart due to additional intraband harmonic emissions and to the presence of momentum scattering. The authors demonstrate that the additional intraband contribution depends on the momentum distribution of photodoped carriers when the driving pulse arrives to the sample.

    • Pawan Suthar
    • František Trojánek
    • Martin Kozák
    ArticleOpen Access
  • Noether’s theorem relates the symmetries of a statistical mechanical system to conservation laws and to constraints of thermal averages, but the extension to more general observables is still elusive. The authors demonstrate that any statistical observable is associated with a hierarchy of exact identities emerging from translational Noether invariance.

    • Silas Robitschko
    • Florian Sammüller
    • Sophie Hermann
    ArticleOpen Access
  • Species forming complex ecological or economic ecosystems are organized in hierarchies and the ranks of such species are determined by the adjacency matrix of their interaction network. We introduce a framework to calculate the ranks of species by finding the optimal permutation of rows and columns that makes the adjacency matrix maximally nested.

    • Manuel Sebastian Mariani
    • Dario Mazzilli
    • Flaviano Morone
    ArticleOpen Access
  • Evaporative cooling is the prevailing method for achieving ultracold temperatures in atomic systems, but the schemes to remove hotter atoms are limited by the spatial profile of the trapping potential. To overcome this limitation, the authors demonstrate a three-body recombination-based collisional cooling scheme for selective removal of hotter atoms.

    • Shuai Peng
    • Haotian Liu
    • Le Luo
    ArticleOpen Access
  • PT-symmetric non-Hermitian systems possess real and complex eigenenergies in the symmetry unbroken and broken phases, respectively. Based on these spectral features and non-Hermitian band theory, the authors provide a framework to generate localized states and dynamics at different sectors of non-Hermitian systems, which can be selectively activated/deactivated by breaking/restoring PT symmetry.

    • Zhoutao Lei
    • Ching Hua Lee
    • Linhu Li
    ArticleOpen Access
  • Light-matter interaction provides advanced solutions to engineer quantum phases of matter. The authors unveil the emergence of a topological gap in superconductors when circularly polarized light impinges on the material, thereby disclosing accessible strategies to implement novel quantum technologies.

    • Takahiro Anan
    • Takahiro Morimoto
    • Sota Kitamura
    ArticleOpen Access
  • Quantum control with coherent radiation fields typically operate at Rabi frequencies below the GHz, limiting the applicability of this scheme to systems with long coherence times. Via quantum path intereferometry, the authors overcome this limitation and control two-photon Rabi oscillations between excited states driven by femtosecond laser pulses.

    • Yudong Chen
    • Sainan Peng
    • Zhensheng Tao
    ArticleOpen Access
  • Geometric renormalization reveals hidden network symmetries by scaling them down while retaining key features. Extended to weighted networks, in which link intensities matter, here the authors present empirical evidence and theory to justify selecting links with maximum weights across increasingly longer length scales to reduce resolution, enabling self-similar replicas and study of size-dependent phenomena.

    • Muhua Zheng
    • Guillermo García-Pérez
    • M. Ángeles Serrano
    ArticleOpen Access
  • Nuclear fusion is one of the avenues pursued to generate carbon-free energy for an increasingly demanding world, but technical instrumental concerns remain, which will impact the realisation and performance of future fusion power plants. The authors employ a combined experimental, computational and theoretical approach, to elucidate the mechanism by which turbulence spreading sets the divertor (a component that extracts heat and ash produced by the fusion reaction) heat load width in fusion tokamak, and demonstrate common trends in the upstream edge turbulence intensity flux, the pressure perturbation skewness, and the turbulence mixing length, which together determine the downstream heat load width.

    • Zeyu Li
    • Xi Chen
    • George R. McKee
    ArticleOpen Access
  • While MHz repetition rates at modern X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facilities achieve remarkable capabilities for imaging, the high repetition rates may also lead to new stability problems. The authors experimentally demonstrate that thermoelastic displacements between successive pulses can be detrimental to the performance of cavity-based XFEL

    • Immo Bahns
    • Patrick Rauer
    • Harald Sinn
    ArticleOpen Access
  • Understanding the mechanisms that shape collective swimming of microorganisms is of great interest in biology, ecology and physics. Here the authors show that geometric constraints on the swimmers’ dynamics, such as near a solid surface, significantly alter emergent collective patterns, with relevance to many experimental and biological microswimmer realisations.

    • Dóra Bárdfalvy
    • Viktor Škultéty
    • Joakim Stenhammar
    ArticleOpen Access
  • Ferrimagnets present advantages over their anitferromagnetic and ferromagnetic counterparts for applications in ultrafast spintronics but the dynamics of the non-uniform spin textures are not as well understood. Here, the authors investigate the inhomogeneous oscillation dynamics in the ferrimagnetic system via a multi-spin model.

    • Baofang Cai
    • Xue Zhang
    • Gengchiau Liang
    ArticleOpen Access
  • The interplay between interactions and disorder can lead to unusual states of matter, which go beyond the notions of equilibrium statistical mechanics. Here the authors provide predictions for the dynamics of such phases, and their phase transitions, when coupled to an environment.

    • József Mák
    • M. J. Bhaseen
    • Arijeet Pal
    ArticleOpen Access
  • With the increase of the use of quantum information in everyday life, its dynamics requires deeper understanding. Here, the quantum fluctuation theorem, that accounts for a quantum system interacting with the environment, is established within the framework of quasi-probability, a powerful tool for studying quantum statistics.

    • Kun Zhang
    • Jin Wang
    ArticleOpen Access
  • Ground state representations with artificial neural network methods enable high-accuracy simulations of quantum many-body systems. The authors study the performance of the transformer network architecture on this task and demonstrate its vast potential for novel findings in quantum physics.

    • Kyle Sprague
    • Stefanie Czischek
    ArticleOpen Access
  • Understanding the physics that govern the dynamics of liquid droplets and their interaction with solid surfaces is crucial for a range of industrial applications, from pesticides to solar cells. Here, the authors develop a framework based on the Young-Laplace equation, to predict the force required to detach a drop from flat and microstructured solid surfaces.

    • Muhammad Subkhi Sadullah
    • Yinfeng Xu
    • Himanshu Mishra
    ArticleOpen Access