Sobagaiah et al. investigate the gender gap in awareness about how tuberculosis is transmitted 2 across three national family health surveys in India. Regression modelling shows variation in 3 awareness between men and women at a national level.

Sasi et al. evaluate whether using a smartphone to record drug treatment improves monitoring of adherence to medication and improved treatment outcome. In a pilot study of sickle cell anemia in patients starting long-term treatment with hydroxyurea, adherence was not increased when mobile Directly Observed Therapy (m-DOT) was used.

Ben Barak-Dror et al. present a short-wave infrared imaging method for touchless monitoring of pupillary light reflex (PLR) and gaze direction in closed eyes. Data obtained is comparable to that obtained from open eyes.

Ziska and Parks explore the potential impact of anthropogenic climate change on nicotine absorption in major tobacco-growing regions. Analysis of recent and projected environmental changes suggests the likelihood of increased dermal transfer of nicotine, leading to increased green tobacco sickness incidence amongst tobacco workers.

Choi et al. report on the effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors in reducing risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse kidney events (MAKE) in people with SARS-CoV-2 infection. They show that compared to other antihyperglycemics, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the risk of both MACE and MAKE after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Fajgenblat et. al utilize almost three years of COVID-19 data to model consequences of interventions across Europe. They find that both non-pharmaceutical interventions and vaccination impact daily case rates, with the strongest effect at a lag of 14 days post-implementation.

Heinlein, Maron, Hekler et al. evaluate an AI algorithm for detecting melanoma and compare its performance to that of dermatologist on a prospectively collected, external, heterogeneous dataset. The AI exhibits a significant performance advantage, especially in diagnosing challenging cases.

Yang et al. investigate racial biases in GPT-3.5-turbo and GPT-4 generated predictions for hospitalization, cost, and mortality obtained from real patient cases. They find tendencies to project differing costs and hospitalizations depending on race, highlighting the need for further research to mitigate racial biases and enable fair and accurate healthcare outcomes.

Jaspers et al. investigate whether plasma VLCFA-lipid levels are associated with disease severity in both male and female patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). Lipidomic analyses reveal a profound impact of ALD on the lipidome and provide potential biomarkers for predicting clinical outcomes in ALD patients.

Takahashi et al. intravenously inject human Muse cells into model mice with Stanford type B acute aortic dissection. This effectively reduces diameter expansion rates, mortality and has a greater therapeutic effect than intravenous injection of large amounts of human mesenchymal stem cells.

Asrar et al. discuss the steps that the space sector is taking towards promoting equity, diversity, inclusion and accessibility, such as the world’s first parastronaut program. They propose that healthcare can learn from the space sector in enhancing disability inclusion and support for people, including healthcare workers, with disabilities.

Chisholm-Burns et al. discuss the substantial shortage of organs available for transplantation, with disparities in access amongst some racial and ethnic groups. The authors suggest that while xenotransplantation can potentially increase organ availability, it also has the potential to further embed inequities in transplant care.

Thirunavukkarasu et al. discuss how standard lifestyle interventions prove ineffective in preventing type 2 diabetes in individuals with isolated impaired fasting glucose, a highly prevalent prediabetes phenotype globally. They propose low-calorie diets as a promising strategy for diabetes prevention in this high-risk population.

Zhang et al. discuss how artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to optimize clinical trial design and potentially boost the success rate of clinical trials. AI has unparalleled potential to leverage real-world data and unlock valuable insights for innovative trial design.

Ivancovsky-Wajcman et al. outline the need for a holistic preventive hepatology approach, involving social nutrition and social prescribing, to address the public health threat of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). They argue that this will facilitate individuals’ engagement in behavioural modifications to treat MASLD.

Macharia et al. discuss a Communications Medicine article on global healthcare accessibility and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. They outline strengths in the comprehensive approach taken to studying revealed versus potential spatial accessibility, plus some limitations and wider context with which the results can be interpreted.