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Enhanced volcanic activity during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 have intensified weathering and modified the vegetation in the eastern margin of Asia, according to a multiproxy high-resolution analysis of the Yezo Group deposited on the northwestern Pacific.
A 23% decrease of seagrass in the western Gulf of Mexico over a five-year period, including the local decline of two seagrass species, was likely due to insufficient light availability from rapid sea level rise, according to long term survey and field monitoring programs.
The elevation threshold at which maximum tree height starts to decrease with increasing elevation is higher in the Caucasus Mountains than in the Pyrenees, Alps and Carpathians, but could be shifted upwards in the future with warming, according to an analysis of LiDAR data and model projections.
Sea ice retreat in the shallow marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean during the mid-summer maximum of downward radiative flux has led to unprecedented marine heatwaves that have become much more likely as a result of global warming, according to analyses of observations and model simulations.
A quasicrystalline mineral, made of aluminium, copper, iron and silicon, and with a crystallographically forbidden symmetry, formed by fast cooling, is identified and characterized in an extraterrestrial fragment from Italy.
Shallow cumulus cloud cover decreases during solar eclipses in response to reduced sunlight and associated cooling of land surfaces, according to an analysis of geostationary satellite measurements of clouds and large-eddy simulations over 2005-2016.
Residues of pesticides currently used in apple orchards were detected in soils and vegetation throughout the valley even at remote high-alpine ecosystems and conservation areas, according to a terrestrial landscape-scale field campaign in the European Alps.
Forests in the western United States could transform into shrubland or grassland by the end of the century, leading to a loss of carbon storage, but the magnitude of the changes depends on the level of greenhouse gas emissions, according to future projections of a terrestrial ecosystem model.
Sediment-dwelling marine invertebrates display similar degrees of inter- and intraspecific trait variation in response to warming, elevated partial pressures of CO2 and changes in population density, suggest laboratory experiments with fauna collected near Plymouth, England, and Oban, Scotland.
Seismic ground shaking could cause 60%–75% reduction in near-surface shear strength of hillslopes, according to a model that combines physical and data-driven modelling approaches.
Lower crustal magmatism, without volcanism, can explain the high heat flow and persistent lithospheric weakening at nonvolcanic rifts, according to seismic observations and thermo-rheological modeling of the Tanganyika-Rukwa Rift Zone, eastern Africa.
Republican voters in the US who support climate change action tend to self-censor because they anticipate social conflict, although they are aware that they hold a majority view, according to a survey of 1000 representative Republican voters.
Barrier-island associated saltmarshes are accreting at differential rates across marsh platforms, such that fragmentation is likely as marsh edges keep pace with sea-level rise as interiors drown, according to analyses of sediment cores sampled in the eastern USA.
Data-driven coseismic landslide prediction, which usually relies on scalar ground motion intensity data, can be improved by analysing the full seismic wavefield using an interpretable transformer neural network, suggests a study of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal.
High pressure laboratory experiments on thin film Mg2SiO4 show that the wadsleyite-ringwoodite phase transition occurs at approximately 500 K higher temperature than expected from bulk mineral data and may be more realistic for fine-grained, high-strain shear zones.
Tropical cyclones that interact with marine heatwaves increase their intensity by 35.4% in the western North Pacific and North Atlantic basin as a result of increased latent heat flux and higher precipitation, according to an analysis of tropical cyclone data between 1982 and 2019.
Urban land area is projected to increase by the end of the century, which may impact crop production, and increase land carbon emissions, according to an analysis that combines a market equilibrium model output linked to climate projections and an urban land development model.
Approximately 13% of perfluoroalkyl substances released in glacial meltwater and intercepted by river sediments which form a substantial sink in the proglacial basin, suggests analysis of sediment cores from lakes on the Tibetan Plateau and numerical modelling.
Changes in vegetation cover in the Western Caucasus during the Last Glacial Maximum, with cold and dry conditions, may have led to a reduction in refugia for early humans at high altitudes, according to a multi-proxy speleothem analysis of three caves and climate model simulations.