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Around 86% of ports worldwide are exposed to more than three different natural hazards, according to a global-scale asset-level analysis of risks to physical assets as well as trade and logistical losses at 1350 ports
The contribution of rainfall to groundwater recharge in the Bengal Basin has decreased in the last 70 years along with an increased contribution from standing water bodies, according to statistical analyses of groundwater stable isotope measurements.
Mangroves can provide nature-based coastal defences in complex deltas, but effective design of mangrove-based defences requires location-specific predictions and a deep understanding of forest structural characteristics, according to numerical simulations of water levels attenuation for the Pearl River Delta, China.
The Heimefrontfjella escarpment in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica divides inland precipitation-dominated ice dynamics from coastal dynamics dominated by grounding line migration, suggest inverse model simulations constrained by cosmogenic nuclide measurements.
Two convection-permitting climate models project similar increases in peak rainfall intensities from mesoscale convective storms across Europe by 2100, but project contrasting changes to storm frequency, size, and speed due to differences in the representation of dynamical responses to global warming.
Helium isotopes from groundwater and hot springs at the stratovolcano, Unzen, have a stronger mantle signature than for the nearby caldera volcano, Aso, which suggests that magma at Unzen is younger still supplied with primordial mantle helium.
The latitude-dependent periodicity of East Asian hydroclimate during the Quaternary was probably a response to summer insolation in the north and ice sheet forcing in the south, suggested by analyses of proxy-based rainfall records and climate model simulations.
Initial seawater influx into South Atlantic rift basins entered from the south across the Rio Grande Rise-Walvis Ridge as the South Atlantic began to open in the Early Cretaceous, according to sedimentary hydrocarbon biomarker records in two drill cores from offshore West Africa.
The palaeo-topography around the ruins of ancient Wucheng City, China suggests erosion rate during the Holocene was largely driven by changes in precipitation, and shows how archaeological evidence can inform landform evolution models.
The identification of marine alkenones and anomalously high carbonate carbon isotopic values in sediments suggest the Qaidam Basin in the northern Tibetan Plateau was uplifted from sea level to its present altitude since the Mid-Miocene.
An equatorward shift in the Asian Westerly Jet Stream attributable to high levels of anthropogenic sulfate aerosol in South and East Asia favours the moisture supply from low-latitudes and moisture flux convergence over arid Central Asia, according to multi-model data analysis.
Summer sea ice retreat in the high latitude North Atlantic since 2000 is associated with increases in oceanic emissions of dimethyl sulfide, according to a record of methane sulfonic acid fluxes from an ice core in southeast Greenland.
The simultaneous abandonment of wells at ancient cities near the Salawusu River, China, was likely caused by a stream capture event rather than climatic change, according to geomorphological observations and the reconstruction of ancient stream channels.
Microbial extracellular polymeric substance networks promote accumulation of Mg-rich clay which in turn serves as a substrate for carbonate precipitation in saline lakes and ponds of Salar de Llamara, according to microstructural observations of microbial mat samples.
Rates of increase in sulfur fertiliser use have outpaced other nutrients to compensate for reductions in atmospheric sulfur deposition due to improved air quality, according to an analysis of fertiliser sales and atmospheric nutrient deposition fluxes in the Midwest USA between 1985 and 2015.
Interactions between the monsoon and decadal oscillations in the Pacific and Atlantic have influenced the multidecadal variability of precipitation in eastern China over the past 1150 years, according to stable oxygen isotope records from three stalagmites.
The deepening of the Drake Passage cooled Antarctic coasts and increased the temperature gradient between Australia and Antarctica which ultimately enhanced thermal isolation of the Antarctic Ice sheet, according to biomarker derived temperature records and simulation output.
Jet engine lubrication oil is an efficient nucleation agent that likely contributes to high levels of ultrafine particles near airports contributing to poor air quality, suggest laboratory thermodenuder experiments and observations near Frankfurt International Airport.
In about 30 to 40% of the global ocean, including most of the Southern Hemisphere, mean and extreme wave heights have increased in magnitude between 1980 and 2014, according to a multiproduct ensemble of historical global wave climate assessments.
The eruption of the submarine Hunga volcano in January 2022 led to a 13% increase in global stratospheric water mass and a 5-fold increase in stratospheric aerosol load, according to satellite data complemented by ground-based observations and atmospheric transport modelling.