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The flux of kinetic energy from small to large-scale ocean currents shows in large parts of the ocean a late-winter maximum at the smaller scales that transitions to large scales over a couple of months, according to satellite observations.

Extreme heat and drought typical of the end of the century could occur earlier and repeatedly over Europe, and are more likely when they coincide with a warm North Atlantic, according to 100 simulations with an Earth system model.

Alternative low emission transition pathways rely on different mechanisms to achieve their targets with full research and development investment in the green sector’s productivity being a key factor in the green transition, suggests an analysis using a modified integrated assessment model.

Combining mussel and macroalgae farming with offshore wind farms can provide emission capture and utilization of carbon and macro-nutrients for food, feed, and materials, suggest up-scaled model simulations from the North and Baltic Seas.

Land suitable for profitable diversification of agricultural systems is mainly located in Europe and North America because of well-developed infrastructure, according to a maximum entropy modelling approach driven by socio-economic variables.

As land plants expanded in the Late Devonian, when volcanic activity released carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, nutrient runoff increased and led to ocean anoxia and marine mass extinction, according to an analysis of continental lacustrine records and Earth system model simulations.

Increases in tree biodiversity lead to lower concentrations of biogenic volatile organic compounds, but no clear effect on biogenic secondary organic aerosols, suggests an evaluation of the links between biodiversity and biogenic emissions and experimental data from ten plots in Germany.

Terrestrial ecosystems in China have become more sensitive to declining water demand, changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, and solar radiation over the past two decades, suggests an analysis of vegetation productivity data using explainable machine learning over the period 2001–2021.

Hurricane Larry deposited substantial amounts of microplastic particles over Newfoundland, Canada in 2021, probably derived from the garbage patch in the North Atlantic gyre, according to sample collection and analysis as well as back-trajectory modelling.

Forest management practices implemented in the Luhansk region during the creation of the Emerald Network have maintained reforestation rates in Ukrainian-controlled territories despite the war, according to an analysis of tree cover changes between 1996 and 2020 derived from satellite data.

Large container seaports have expanded seaward rapidly since 1990 through coastal land reclamation, but the relationship between expansion and container throughput volume varies by the individual ports, according to a geospatial analysis of global satellite images and maritime trade data.

Satellite-derived leaf area and survey-based agricultural data indicate that dry season irrigation contributes to India’s greening, however land surface models struggle to accurately reproduce the greening trend and its drivers.

Stratospheric water vapour concentrations show robust multidecadal variability which is stronger in the northern than the southern hemisphere at mid-stratosphere levels, according to satellite observations and atmospheric model simulations.

An assessment of peatlands drained for extraction indicates a 12% reduction in annual carbon dioxide emission relative to the emission factor provided in the IPCC 2014 Wetland Supplement and reduced uncertainty in emission factor, suggest a data compilation and numerical model simulations.

Collagen found in bones from subtropical Australia that date back more than 50,000 years suggest protein preservation may exceed chemical predictions of collagen survival, according to a multi-proxy analysis of 765 fossil bone samples from 25 different sites

Land use and development, circular economy, and waste management are the most effective climate change mitigation strategies in cities and regions, but policy choices are not always aligned with impact, according to a meta-analysis of 234 subnational case studies.

There is a high level of public support in China for the government’s carbon neutrality targets but the reasons behind this support vary with climate policies having more sway than politics, according to a deep learning-based model analysis of Chinese online microblogs.

A deep learning detector applied to raw multi-station geodetic time series data from 2007 to 2022 is able to identify slow slip events in the Cascadia region and finds that they are each associated with periods of greater tremor activity

Managed realignment is more effective at mitigating coastal flood risk than raising dike heights according to hydrodynamic models of the German Baltic sea coast, but neither will be able to maintain current levels of flood risk under future sea level scenarios

A buoyant diapir formed of mixed sediments and other slab-top materials explains the geochemical compositions and pressure-temperature histories of the Atbashi complex eclogites, as determined by petrological observations and thermodynamic modeling.