Over the past four decades, Arctic Amplification - the ratio of Arctic to global warming - has been much stronger than thought, and is probably underestimated in climate models, suggest analyses of observations and the CMIP5 and CMIP6 simulations.

Jet engine lubrication oil is an efficient nucleation agent that likely contributes to high levels of ultrafine particles near airports contributing to poor air quality, suggest laboratory thermodenuder experiments and observations near Frankfurt International Airport.

Rates of increase in sulfur fertiliser use have outpaced other nutrients to compensate for reductions in atmospheric sulfur deposition due to improved air quality, according to an analysis of fertiliser sales and atmospheric nutrient deposition fluxes in the Midwest USA between 1985 and 2015.

The Miocene climatic optimum could have been triggered by coeval increase in magmatism, suggests global carbon cycle simulations constrained by seawater osmium isotope data from Pacific Ocean sediments.

Alley-cropping agroforestry enhances carbon sequestration compared to open cropland and open grassland, and improves soil biological habitat and erosion resistance relative to open cropland, based on measured ecosystem functions at five sites in Germany.

Organic matter in aquatic systems is broken down in a hierarchical ensemble, involving a decrease in effective kinetic barriers, according to a mechanistic model using decay kinetics that predicts degradation and preservation characteristics consistent with observations.

Projected changes in upwelling favorable winds in eastern boundary upwelling systems will compete with warming due to enhanced heat transport from the tropics and drive complex responses in upwelling and impact important fisheries, according to high-resolution climate simulations.

The time for the climatic benefits of afforestation via carbon-sequestration to offset the warming effects of reduced albedo and longwave radiation emission varies greatly across short distances, according to a study of paired forested and non-forested ecosystems along an aridity gradient.

The rate, frequency and extent of forest disturbances decreased in China over 1986–2020 probably due to forest protection policies, but while they intensified in the southeast, they weakened in the northeast, according to 30 m resolution Landsat satellite data

A mechanistic and predictive hierarchical model explains observed organic carbon burial efficiencies and degradation kinetics, and reveals that upper and lower limits of organic matter activation energies are key to predicting organic matter preservation and degradation rates.

The South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation initiative began as a grassroots effort to study the South Atlantic Ocean and its impact on climate. This Comment discusses how, in striving towards this goal, it has also become a platform for the empowerment of women and international scientists.

For all peer reviewed articles submitted from 23^rd January 2023, we will publish the editor decision letters, reviewer reports and author responses, together with the published paper. Reviewers can choose to remain anonymous or reveal their identity.

To prevent floods from becoming disasters, social vulnerability must be integrated into flood risk management. This Comment advocates that the welfare of different societal groups should be included by adding recovery capacity, impacts of beyond-design events, and distributional impacts.

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas emitted by both human activity and the natural environment. Due to its relatively short atmospheric lifetime, controlling methane emissions is increasingly recognised as a powerful climate mitigation strategy.

In their Comment in @CommsEarth, Manuel Morales and colleagues argue that we must act now to protect green agricultural policies in the EU to ensure food security in the future.