Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain
the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in
Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles
and JavaScript.
Lingyan Wang et al. report that the autophagy-associated protein FIP200 interacts with the RNA sensor RIG-I to trigger activation of the type I interferon pathway.
Ten Hagen et al. developed a computational model to simulate intravascular triggered drug delivery systems (IV-DDS), which they validated using quantitative intravital microscopy in mice. Their model potentially enables the engineering of more efficacious IV-DDS based on parameters that can be quantified by imaging.
Yang et al. examine whether genetic ancestry is associated with genetic variation in fatty acid desaturases and plasma phospholipid levels of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) in Hispanic Americans. They find strong associations between Amerind genetic ancestry and LC-PUFA levels; and report that the well-known FADS rs174537 variant was associated with several metabolic, inflammatory and anthropomorphic traits including circulating triglycerides.
Mark Ultsch et al. report X-ray and NMR structures of the N-terminal domain of two closely related innate immunity proteins, ApoL1 and ApoL2. Their findings contribute to a better understanding of the ApoL immune protein family.
Fröhlich et al. present a study of orangutan social interaction within and beyond mother-offspring pairings wherein the composition of communicative acts is categorized by production and perception. They demonstrate that communicative acts can vary across research setting, species and social partner, with act composition affecting interaction outcomes.
In this study, Adams et al. investigate the effect of cuticular hydrocarbons on mating success in natural mosquito mating swarms. These hydrocarbons confer both higher mating success and increased resistance to pyrethroid, suggesting sexual selection for insecticide resistance in this population secondary to mating success.
Hikaru Takeuchi et al. report that lead exposure in healthy controls might have an impact on brain activity and brain anatomy, particularly the dopaminergic system.
Chan et al find that the GITR-GITRL pathway is an important mechanism of autocrine proliferation in sarcomatoid mesothelioma that could explain their resistance to therapy. Blocking the GITR-GITRL pathway could therefore be a new therapeutic target for non-epithelioid mesothelioma.
Panea et al showed that epithelia-specific butyrophilinlike 2 (Btnl2) suppressed homeostatic proliferation of γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) preferentially in the ileum and used high throughput transcriptomic characterization of Btnl2-deficient γδ IELs to demonstrate that Btnl2 impacts γδ TCR specificities and repertoire diversity of ileal γδ IELs. In addition, they showed that Btnl2-deficient mice exhibited increased inflammation and delayed mucosal repair in the colon, suggesting that it plays a key immunological function in intestinal diseases.
Lambe, Spencer, Thomas, Gilbert and colleagues report on the detailed immune profile of rhesus macaques and ferrets vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 under high dose challenge. Their findings indicate that the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) the vaccine induces immune responses and reduces disease symptoms in both models, including SARS-CoV-2 mediated pneumonia and virus shedding.
Hui-Qi Qu et al. present a case-control association study to examine the genetic architecture of European patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) of low genetic risk score. They identify 41 loci associated with T1D of low genetic risk score, including regions previously linked to viral infection and autism spectrum disorder, altogether providing further insight into the pathogenesis of T1D.
Van der Wee et al. establish a new colloidal crystal standard sample for the alignment and calibration of confocal and stimulated emission depletion microscopy. The sample is adjustable for different NA objectives and microscopy techniques and additionally can be used to measure point spread functions and evaluate refractive index mismatches as a function of depth quantitatively.
Hoy et al. combine behavioral modeling and single-trial EEG regression to disentangle sequential prediction errors in an interval timing task, which dissociated outcome valence, magnitude, and probability in human participants. Their study reconciles debates on the sequence of components representing reward and salience prediction errors in the human EEG.
Caterina Iorio et al. use a high-throughput RNAi screen to identify the GPR3-SIK2-CDKN1B axis as key players involved in regulating pancreatic beta cell proliferation. These results suggest that GPR3 and SIK2 are both potential targets to stimulate regeneration of beta cells in diseases like type 1 diabetes.
Pan, Chen, Zhang et al. investigated the anti-cancer efficacy of CA170, a small molecule agonist of VISTA, on mouse lung tumorigenesis. When combined with a MHCII-directed KRAS peptide vaccine, the authors reported that CA170 suppressed lung tumor development by increasing CD8+ T cell and decreasing MDSC and Treg infiltration, while the Kras vaccine induced CD4+ effector T cell expansion
Halim Park and Jin Hwa Park et al. report the nuclear genome sequence of the duckweed Wolffia australiana, the smallest known flowering plant. The genome assembly represents an improvement over a recently published genome and highlights genome rearrangements that may be linked to its specialized aquatic adaptations.
Liu et al. investigate the mechanism for small colony variant (SCV) formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis and following genomic and metabolomic analysis, implicate a frame-shift mutation in glycine production as a potential cause of SCV formation. The authors also examine the effect of eDNA production and biofilm formation.
Mark Charbonneau et al. develop a mathematical model that describes the behavior of an engineered bacterial therapeutic, SYNB1618, in the human gastrointestinal tract and its effects on plasma phenylalanine (Phe) levels. This model enables the authors to predict plasma Phe lowering by SYNB1618 in patients with phenylketonuria.
Pohl et al. investigated the structural basis of Nedd4-2 regulation by 14-3-3 and found that phosphorylated Ser342 and Ser448 are the main residues that facilitate 14-3-3 binding to Nedd4-2. The authors propose that the Nedd4-2:14-3-3 complex then stimulates a structural rearrangement of Nedd4-2 through inhibiting interaction of its structured domains.
Anurag Chaturvedi et al. use long-read PacBio sequencing and LC-MS to profile 5mC and 6mA DNA methylation in the model arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis. Their results suggest that R. irregularis shows methylation profiles distinct from other early-diverging fungi, and Dikarya and provide further insight into how these fungi may have adapted to form symbiotic relationships with important plant species.