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Disrupting the CD47–SIRPα checkpoint in tumour macrophages and delivering a tumour-opsonizing monoclonal antibody maximizes the macrophages’ cooperative phagocytic potency.
Antitumour responses mediated by T helper 17 cells can be induced by intratumourally injected hollow nanoparticles displaying the polysaccharide mannan.
Flagellated bacteria coated with antigen-adsorbing nanoparticles and injected into irradiated tumours elicit systemic antitumour immune responses by transporting tumour antigens towards the tumour periphery, where they are taken up by functional antigen-presenting cells.
The efficacy of adoptive cell therapy for pancreatic cancer can be augmented by antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells genetically engineered to overexpress a C-X-C chemokine receptor whose ligand is highly expressed by pancreatic cancer cells.
The effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies will benefit from a range of strategies — new, or borrowed from other classes of therapeutic — to trigger durable immune responses.
The restoration of a local chemokine gradient by nanoparticles non-covalently anchored on the surface of systemically administered red blood cells delays cancer progression in mouse models of lung metastasis.
The time course of tumour responses to immunotherapies can be mathematically predicted on the basis of tumour-growth rates, the rates of immune activation and of tumour–immune-cell interactions, and the efficacy of immune-mediated tumour killing.
The intravenous administration of a formulation of interleukin-12 that binds to collagen in established ‘immunologically cold’ murine tumours enhances interferon-γ production by T cells and causes tumour remission, especially when in combination with immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
The overexpression of the transcription factor c-Jun improves chimeric-antigen-receptor T-cell functionality and enhances the killing of low-antigen-expressing liquid and solid cancers in mice.
In mouse models of cancer, the inhibition of a set of regulatory proteins improves checkpoint-blockade therapy by causing regulatory T cells to produce the cytokine interferon-γ.
Enhanced lysosomal degradation of the transmembrane protein programmed cell-death protein-1 ligand in tumour cells, enabled by blocking the protein’s post-translational lipid modification, promotes T-cell-mediated suppression of tumour growth in mice.
The coupling of blood platelets bearing anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibodies to haematopoietic stem cells enables delivery of checkpoint-blockade therapy to bone marrow to promote T-cell-mediated control of leukaemia in mice.
Intratumoral injection of a hydrogel impregnated with radioisotope-labelled catalase and an immunostimulant, along with systemic immune checkpoint blockade, inhibits tumour growth in mouse models of localized cancer and metastatic cancer.
Two drug-loaded nanoparticle formulations that preferentially accumulate within tumour-associated macrophages induce macrophage repolarization to a tumoricidal state that leads to potent antitumour activity in multiple murine models of cancer.
Bringing truly personalized cancer vaccination with tumour neoantigens to the clinic will require overcoming the challenges of optimized vaccine design, manufacturing and affordability, and identification of the most suitable clinical setting.
Nanoscale metal–organic frameworks carrying an immunotherapy payload and administered into tumours alongside a low dose of radiotherapy enhance local and systemic antitumour immunity in mouse models of breast cancer and colorectal cancer.
For cell therapies to transition from promises to products, increased efforts need to be put into the identification of the factors and biological mechanisms that affect safety and efficacy, and into the design of cost-effective methods for the harvesting, expansion, manipulation and purification of the cells.
A vaccine based on induced pluripotent stem cells mimicking the expression of tumour-cell antigens induces significant antitumour immune responses in mouse models.
T cells can be efficiently and controllably expanded for adoptive cell therapy in a culture system consisting of lipid bilayers bearing membrane-bound cues for the stimulation of T-cell receptors and of supporting silica microrods that release a T-cell proliferation factor.
Platelets delivering the immunotherapeutic antibody anti-PD-L1 to the site of surgically removed tumours reduce cancer recurrence and metastatic spread in mice.