Organic–Inorganic Perovskites and Photovoltaics

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  Single crystals of caesium formamidinium lead halide perovskites: solution growth and gamma dosimetry

  Here we report an inexpensive, solution-phase growth of cm-scale single crystals of variable composition Cs_xFA_1−xPbI_3−yBr_y (FA=formamidinium, x=0–0.1, y=0–0.6), which exhibit improved phase stability compared to the parent α-FAPbI₃ compound. High-carrier mobility–lifetime product of up to 1.2 × 10⁻¹ cm² V⁻¹ and a low dark carrier density, combined with the high absorptivity of high-energy photons by Pb and I, allow the sensitive detection of gamma radiation. With stable operation up to 30 V, these novel perovskite materials have been used in a prototype of a gamma-counting dosimeter.

  • Olga Nazarenko
  • Sergii Yakunin
  • Maksym V Kovalenko

  Original ArticleOpen Access14 Apr 2017 NPG Asia Materials
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  Colloidal lead halide perovskite nanocrystals: synthesis, optical properties and applications

  This review summarizes recent developments in the direct synthesis and ion exchange-based reactions leading to hybrid organic–inorganic and all-inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals. Optical properties related to quantum confinement effects, single emission spectroscopy and lasing are considered. Perovskite nanocrystals have been employed as an active material in several applications such as light-emitting devices, solar cells and photodetectors.

  • He Huang
  • Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
  • Andrey L Rogach

  ReviewOpen Access18 Nov 2016 NPG Asia Materials
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  Annealing-free fabrication of highly oxidation-resistive copper nanowire composite conductors for photovoltaics

  A highly thermal and oxidation-resistive AZO/Cu nanowire/AZO composite electrode for thin-film solar cells was fabricated at room temperature without any atmospheric control. Our novel transparent composite electrode showed good thermal oxidation stability as well as high conductivity (∼35.9 Ω/sq), transparency (83.9% at 550 nm) and flexibility.

  • Yulim Won
  • Areum Kim
  • Jooho Moon

  Original ArticleOpen Access13 Jun 2014 NPG Asia Materials
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  A perspective of mesoscopic solar cells based on metal chalcogenide quantum dots and organometal-halide perovskites

  Metal chalcogenide quantum dots (QDs) and lead halide perovskites are two types of prospective light harvesters for mesoscopic solar cells. The two most promising QD sensitizers are PbS and Sb₂S₃, for which the PCEs of their corresponding QDSCs have attained ∼7% in 2012. In 2013, the performance of a TiO₂ solar cell sensitized with lead-iodide perovskite (CH₃NH₃PbI₃) was optimized to attain an overall power conversion efficiency of 15%, which is a new milestone for solar cells of this type, with a device structure similar to that of a dye-sensitized solar cell.

  • Jae Hui Rhee
  • Chih-Chun Chung
  • Eric Wei-Guang Diau

  ReviewOpen Access18 Oct 2013 NPG Asia Materials
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  Hybrid crystalline-ITO/metal nanowire mesh transparent electrodes and their application for highly flexible perovskite solar cells

  Flexible, thermally/chemically robust and high-performance transparent conducting electrode platform (c-ITO/metal NW-GFRHybrimer film) is fabricated using surface-embedded metal nanowire and crystalline indium tin oxide hybrid electrode. Highly flexible perovskite devices are fabricated on the c-ITO/metal NW-GFRHybrimer and show mechanically stable performances.

  • Hyeon-Gyun Im
  • Seonju Jeong
  • Byeong-Soo Bae

  Original ArticleOpen Access24 Jun 2016 NPG Asia Materials
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  Highly stable and efficient solid-state solar cells based on methylammonium lead bromide (CH₃NH₃PbBr₃) perovskite quantum dots

  Development of methylammonium lead halide perovskites for efficient solar cell is best approach towards efficient building photovoltaic. This article demonstrates the synthetic strategy for the synthesis of efficient and stable CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ quantum dots for efficient mesoscopic solid-state perovskite solar cells. The influence of different CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ quantum dot size and different hole-transporting materials has been discussed systematically.

  • Sawanta S Mali
  • Chang Su Shim
  • Chang Kook Hong

  Original ArticleOpen Access14 Aug 2015 NPG Asia Materials
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  A semiconducting molecular ferroelectric with a bandgap much lower than that of BiFeO₃

  A semiconducting molecular ferroelectric (2-(ammoniomethyl)pyridinium)SbI₅ was designed. It shows an above-room-temperature Curie temperature (T_c=360 K), a large spontaneous polarization (P_s=4 μC cm⁻²) and small bandgap (2.03 eV) that are comparable to those of the well-known semiconducting ferroelectrics BiFeO₃ (E_g=2.7 eV) and SbSI (E_g=2.0 eV). The implementation of ferroelectricity into hybrid semiconducting materials will move the applications of hybrid semiconducting molecular ferroelectrics in optoelectronic and photovoltaics devices forward.

  • Peng-Fei Li
  • Yuan-Yuan Tang
  • Ren-Gen Xiong

  Original ArticleOpen Access20 Jan 2017 NPG Asia Materials
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  Flash-evaporation printing methodology for perovskite thin films

  A flash-evaporation printing technology is developed that employs freestanding carbon nanotubes as a flash evaporator. The target materials precoated on the flash evaporator are printed onto substrates by gas-phase transportation. This methodology offers a printable solution for hybrid perovskite thin films, and can also be used to print patterns and a wide variety of materials on large panels.

  • Haoming Wei
  • Xingyue Zhao
  • Kaili Jiang

  Original ArticleOpen Access30 Jun 2017 NPG Asia Materials
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  Route to achieving perfect B-site ordering in double perovskite thin films

  To profit of the breadth of multifunctional properties that double perovskites (A₂BB’O₆) exhibit, it is required to have high control on cation ordering of the B-site. We show that by growing thin films under minor in-plane strain along the (111) direction, cation ordering can be stimulated as a result of the formation of two differently sized and shaped B-sites. Such an approach enables the study of many new ordered double perovskites which have never been made before.

  • Josée E Kleibeuker
  • Eun-Mi Choi
  • Judith L MacManus-Driscoll

  Original ArticleOpen Access14 Jul 2017 NPG Asia Materials
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  Universal high work function flexible anode for simplified ITO-free organic and perovskite light-emitting diodes with ultra-high efficiency

  We report a new anode material that has multifunction of both an anode and a hole injection layer (HIL) as a single layer. Our anode has easy work function tunability up to 5.8 eV and thus makes ohmic contact without any HIL. We applied our anodes to simplified organic light-emitting diodes, resulting in high efficiency (62% ph el⁻¹ for single and 88% ph el⁻¹ for tandem). Our anode showed a similar tendency in simplified perovskite light-emitting diodes. We also demonstrated large-area flexible lightings using our anodes. Our results provide a significant step toward the next generation of high-performance simplified light-emitting diodes.

  • Su-Hun Jeong
  • Seong-Hoon Woo
  • Tae-Woo Lee

  Original ArticleOpen Access28 Jul 2017 NPG Asia Materials
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  Non-dissipative internal optical filtering with solution-grown perovskite single crystals for full-colour imaging

  Solution-grown single crystals (SCs) of semiconducting methylammonium lead halide perovskites are promising materials for full-colour imaging. Here we show one-pixel photodetector prototype, constructed by stacking three layers of blue-, green- and red-sensitive MAPbCl₃, MAPbBr₃ and MAPb(Br/I)₃ crystals, respectively. This layered structure concept has several advantages: imparting a two- to three-fold reduction in the number of required pixels, three times more efficient light utilization (and thus higher sensitivity) than common Bayer filters scheme, colour moiré suppression and no need for de-mosaic image processing. In addition, the direct band gap structure of perovskites results in optical absorption that is several orders of magnitude greater than silicon.

  • Sergii Yakunin
  • Yevhen Shynkarenko
  • Maksym V Kovalenko

  Original ArticleOpen Access1 Sep 2017 NPG Asia Materials