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Body height is a general characteristic of the human phenotype, it is a mirror of health and in children it is linked to maturation and aging. Growth and height have been within the focus of medical research since many centuries and are included in the political agenda of the WHO and Unicef as they are measures of poverty, chronic illness and malnutrition. Since the positive effect of nutrition supplementation on growth development has been widely documented, growth failure and stunting can be avoided by dietary interventions. This European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Special Issue brings together 7 manuscripts that provide new insights into the interactions between growth, nutrition, living conditions and the use of actual growth charts. The Special Issue is edited by one of the worldwide leading scientist in the area of auxology, Prof.Dr. Michael Hermanussen from Kiel university in Northwest Germany.