The field of paediatric urology has evolved in recent years, with an increased focus on minimally invasive treatment, evidence-based interventions, and guideline adherence. This Focus issue from Nature Reviews Urology features a series of specially commissioned Review and News & Views articles written by key opinion leaders in the field of paediatric urology. Topics covered include the use of robotic urological surgery in children, the role of bladder and bowel dysfunction in children with vesicoureteral reflux, urinary incontinence in children with special needs, grading systems and management of mild to moderate postnatal hydronephrosis, and the treatment of failed hypospadias.
EDITORIAL
The kids are alright
Melanie Clyne
doi:10.1038/nrurol.2013.247
Nature Reviews Urology 10, 613 (2013)
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
Paediatric urology: The milky way to prevent neonatal bladder infection
Robert Phillips
doi:10.1038/nrurol.2013.219
Nature Reviews Urology 10, 617 (2013)
Paediatric urology: Kids with stones—data on causes and treatment safety
Mina Razzak
doi:10.1038/nrurol.2013.246
Nature Reviews Urology 10, 618 (2013)
Paediatric urology: Cuff-only AUS for refractory neurogenic incontinence
Melanie Clyne
doi:10.1038/nrurol.2013.235
Nature Reviews Urology 10, 619 (2013)
Paediatric urology: Invasive management needed for failed pyeloplasty?
Melanie Clyne
doi:10.1038/nrurol.2013.224
Nature Reviews Urology 10, 620 (2013)
Paediatric urology: 24-h VCUG unreliable for follow-up of vesicoureteral reflux
doi:10.1038/nrurol.2013.229
Nature Reviews Urology 10, 617 (2013)
Paediatric urology: Abnormal anatomy increases risk of stone recurrence
doi:10.1038/nrurol.2013.228
Nature Reviews Urology 10, 617 (2013)
Paediatric urology: Increased incidence of hypospadias in Sweden
doi:10.1038/nrurol.2013.241
Nature Reviews Urology 10, 618 (2013)
Paediatric urology: Utilization of minimally invasive nephrectomy in children
doi:10.1038/nrurol.2013.242
Nature Reviews Urology 10, 618 (2013)
Paediatric urology: Preventing renal damage in children with spinal dysraphism
doi:10.1038/nrurol.2013.243
Nature Reviews Urology 10, 618 (2013)
Paediatric urology: Adult markers for ITGCN cannot be used in children
doi:10.1038/nrurol.2013.244
Nature Reviews Urology 10, 618 (2013)
NEWS AND VIEWS
Paediatric urology: First study of incontinent ileovesicostomy in children
John T. Stoffel
doi:10.1038/nrurol.2013.233
Nature Reviews Urology 10, 621-622 (2013)
Paediatric urology: Rapid uptake of guidelines for imaging after first febrile UTI
Ian K. Hewitt & Giovanni Montini
doi:10.1038/nrurol.2013.234
Nature Reviews Urology 10, 622-624 (2013)
Paediatric urology: Vesicoamniotic shunting for fetal LUTO—questions linger
Douglass B. Clayton & John W. Brock 3rd
doi:10.1038/nrurol.2013.231
Nature Reviews Urology 10, 624-625 (2013)
Paediatric urology: Is osteotomy necessary for primary exstrophy closure?
Anne-Karoline Ebert & Wolfgang Rösch
doi:10.1038/nrurol.2013.237
Nature Reviews Urology 10, 625-626 (2013)
REVIEWS
Robot-assisted laparoscopic urological surgery in children
Luís F. Sávio & Hiep T. Nguyen
doi:10.1038/nrurol.2013.220
Nature Reviews Urology 10, 632-639 (2013)
In this Review, Sávio and Nguyen discuss the use of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) for the management of common paediatric urological problems, identifying unique challenges associated with performing RALS in children and ways to address these challenges.
Vesicoureteral reflux—the role of bladder and bowel dysfunction
Jack S. Elder & Mireya Diaz
doi:10.1038/nrurol.2013.221
Nature Reviews Urology 10, 640-648 (2013)
Children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), who are already at high risk of renal injury, are at particular risk for bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD). In this Review, Elder and Diaz describe the association between BBD and VUR, the evaluation for BBD, and its management in children with VUR.
Mild to moderate postnatal hydronephrosis—grading systems and management
Matthew D. Timberlake & C. D. Anthony Herndon
doi:10.1038/nrurol.2013.172
Nature Reviews Urology 10, 649-656 (2013)
No universal guidelines exist for the management of patients with mild to moderate antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH). In this Review, the authors assess the data and present their own approach to postnatal risk stratification and management, including recommendations regarding serial ultrasonography schedule, prophylactic antibiotics, voiding cystourethrogram and renal scintigraphy.
Failed hypospadias in paediatric patients
Marcello Cimador, Santiago Vallasciani, Gianantonio Manzoni, Waifro Rigamonti, Enrico De Grazia & Marco Castagnetti
doi:10.1038/nrurol.2013.164
Nature Reviews Urology 10, 657-666 (2013)
In this Review, Cimador et al. consider the prevalence of failed paediatric hypospadias, possible risk factors for the failure of primary repairs, and principles for the management of major complications associated with failed hypospadias.
Urinary incontinence in children with special needs
Alexander von Gontard
doi:10.1038/nrurol.2013.213
Nature Reviews Urology 10, 667-674 (2013)
Nocturnal enuresis, daytime urinary incontinence, lower urinary tract symptoms and faecal incontinence are more common in children with special needs than in typically developing children. This Review provides an overview of the neglected topic of incontinence in children and adolescents with special needs, focusing on those with intellectual disabilities and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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