Multifunctional 2D optoelectronics

Multi-dimensional detection of optical information with a single device enables energy- and area-efficient sensing capabilities. Here, the authors report dual-band infrared detectors based on misaligned 2D black phosphorus and black arsenic phosphorus, sensitive to light intensity, spectrum and polarization.

Visual adaptive devices show promise for simplifying circuits and algorithms in machine vision systems. Here, the authors report a visual adaptive transistor with tunable avalanche effects and microsecond-level bionic vision capabilities, recognizing images in dim and bright conditions with over 98% accuracy.

In-sensor computing architectures can provide energy-efficient multifunctional capabilities, but their application to the mid-infrared range is challenging. Here, the authors report the realization of non-volatile MoS₂/black phosphorus photovoltaic detectors, integrating near- to mid-infrared photodetection, memory and computing functionalities.

The authors create a rippled-assisted optoelectronic array (18 × 18 pixels) for the all-day motion detection and recognition, possessing negative and positive optical detection as well as memory and computation capabilities.

Recent studies have reported miniaturized spectrometers based on van der Waals heterostructures. Here, the authors demonstrate multifunctional SnS₂/ReSe₂ heterojunction spectrometers providing photodetection, spectrum reconstruction, spectral imaging, long-term image memory, and signal processing capabilities.

Neuro-inspired vision systems hold great promise to address the growing demands of mass data processing for edge computing. Here the authors, develop a neuro-inspired optical sensor based on NbS₂/MoS₂ films that can operate with monolithically integrated functions of static image enhancement and dynamic trajectory registration.

Designing bio-inspired multisensory neurons remains a challenge. Here, the authors develop an artificial visuotactile neuron based on the integration of a photosensitive monolayer MoS₂ memtransistor and a triboelectric tactile sensor capable of super-additive response, inverse effectiveness effect, and temporal congruency.

Here, the authors report the design and realization of an in-sensor computing optoelectronic device with programmable spectral responsivity based on an ensemble of cavity-enhanced MoS₂ photodetectors. The device can perform direct analog processing during the light detection process, without the need to computationally reconstruct the entire optical spectra.

Designing an infrared machine vision system that can efficiently perceive, convert, and process a massive amount of data remains a challenge. Here, the authors present a retina-inspired 2D optoelectronic device based on van der Waals heterostructure that can perform the data perception and spike-encoding simultaneously for night vision, sensing, spectroscopy, and free-space communications.

Designing efficient sensing-memory-computing systems remains a challenge. Here, the authors propose a self-powered vertical tribo-transistor based on MXenes to implement the multi-sensing-memory-computing function and the interaction of multisensory integration.

Internet of things (IoT) sensors can collect, store and communicate large volumes of information, which require effective security measures. Here, the authors report the realization of low-power edge sensors based on photosensitive and programmable 2D memtransistors, integrating sensing, storage and encryption functionalities.

2D materials represent a promising platform for machine vision and edge computing applications, although usually limited to ultraviolet and visible wavelengths. Here, the authors report the realization of a programmable image sensor based on black phosphorus, implementing multispectral imaging and analog in-memory computing functionalities in the near- to mid-infrared range.