Monitoring transcription initiation activities in rat and dog
Collection |
The FANTOM5 Project
FANTOM (Functional ANnoTation Of the Mammalian genome) is an international research consortium led by RIKEN focused on functional annotation of mammalian genomes and characterization of transcriptional regulatory networks. In FANTOM5 the consortium, consisting of over 500 international members from 20 countries, has generated maps of human regulatory elements and transcriptional regulatory network models. To achieve this they use CAGE (Cap Analysis of Gene Expression) sequencing on RNA samples from every major human organ, multiple primary cell types, over 200 cancer cell lines, 30 time courses of cellular differentiation, and mouse developmental time courses.
This collection brings together research articles, analyses, resource papers and letters from FANTOM5, as well as descriptions of the data generated by the project, all of which have been published by Nature Research.
FANTOM5 organizers published a Comment announcing the launch of this collection and have been interviewed on their contributions to FANTOM5.
Data Descriptors
Transcription start site profiling of 15 anatomical regions of the Macaca mulatta central nervous system
Linking FANTOM5 CAGE peaks to annotations with CAGEscan
FANTOM5 CAGE profiles of human and mouse reprocessed for GRCh38 and GRCm38 genome assemblies
FANTOM5 CAGE profiles of human and mouse samples
Research & Analysis
An integrated expression atlas of miRNAs and their promoters in human and mouse
An atlas of microRNA expression patterns and regulators is produced by deep sequencing of short RNAs in human and mouse cells.
An atlas of human long non-coding RNAs with accurate 5′ ends
Alistair Forrest, Piero Carninci and colleagues of the FANTOM Consortium provide a catalogue of human long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes and their expression profiles across samples from human primary cell types, tissues and cell lines. They used combined analyses of multiple data sets to identify 27,919 lncRNA genes with high-confidence 5′ ends, as well as a subset of 19,175 potentially functional lncRNA loci. The lncRNA catalogue and annotations are available through an open web resource.
A predictive computational framework for direct reprogramming between human cell types
Owen Rackham, Jose Polo, Julian Gough and colleagues present a method, Mogrify, for predicting sets of transcription factors that can induce transdifferentiation between cell types. They show that Mogrify is able to predict known factors for published cell conversions and experimentally validate factors for two new conversions.
Partitioning heritability by functional annotation using genome-wide association summary statistics
Hilary Finucane, Brendan Bulik-Sullivan, Benjamin Neale, Alkes Price and colleagues introduce a new method, called stratified LD score regression, for partitioning heritability by functional category using genome-wide association study summary statistics. They observe a substantial enrichment of heritability in conserved regions and illustrate how this approach can provide insights into the biological basis of disease and direction for functional follow-up.
A draft network of ligand–receptor-mediated multicellular signalling in human
Cell-to-cell communication relies upon interactions between secreted ligands and cell surface receptors. Here, Ramilowski et al.present a draft cell-to-cell communication network based on expression of ligand-receptor pairs in 144 different human cell types.
The statistical geometry of transcriptome divergence in cell-type evolution and cancer
Body plan complexity is associated with the number of different cell types, yet the processes that create this diversity are unclear. Here the authors use transcriptomics to test the hypothesis that unlike cancer cells, novel normal cell types arise through sub-specialization of an ancestral cell type.
Deep transcriptome profiling of mammalian stem cells supports a regulatory role for retrotransposons in pluripotency maintenance
Piero Carninci and colleagues report the discovery of a large class of noncoding RNAs, non-annotated stem cell transcripts (NASTs), which are implicated in the regulation of stem cell properties. The authors identify 8,873 mouse and 3,042 human NASTs and functionally validate 4 as having an important role in the maintenance of pluripotency.
A promoter-level mammalian expression atlas
FANTOM5 (standing for functional annotation of the mammalian genome 5) is the fifth major stage of a major international collaboration that aims to dissect the transcriptional regulatory networks that define every human cell type. Two Articles in this issue of Nature present some of the project's latest results. The first paper uses the FANTOM5 panel of tissue and primary cell samples to define an atlas of active, in vivo bidirectionally transcribed enhancers across the human body. These authors show that bidirectional capped RNAs are a signature feature of active enhancers and identify more than 40,000 enhancer candidates from over 800 human cell and tissue samples. The enhancer atlas is used to compare regulatory programs between different cell types and identify disease-associated regulatory SNPs, and will be a resource for studies on cell-type-specific enhancers. In the second paper, single-molecule sequencing is used to map human and mouse transcription start sites and their usage in a panel of distinct human and mouse primary cells, cell lines and tissues to produce the most comprehensive mammalian gene expression atlas to date. The data provide a plethora of insights into open reading frames and promoters across different cell types in addition to valuable annotation of mammalian cell-type-specific transcriptomes.
An atlas of active enhancers across human cell types and tissues
FANTOM5 (standing for functional annotation of the mammalian genome 5) is the fifth major stage of a major international collaboration that aims to dissect the transcriptional regulatory networks that define every human cell type. Two Articles in this issue of Nature present some of the project's latest results. The first paper uses the FANTOM5 panel of tissue and primary cell samples to define an atlas of active, in vivo bidirectionally transcribed enhancers across the human body. These authors show that bidirectional capped RNAs are a signature feature of active enhancers and identify more than 40,000 enhancer candidates from over 800 human cell and tissue samples. The enhancer atlas is used to compare regulatory programs between different cell types and identify disease-associated regulatory SNPs, and will be a resource for studies on cell-type-specific enhancers. In the second paper, single-molecule sequencing is used to map human and mouse transcription start sites and their usage in a panel of distinct human and mouse primary cells, cell lines and tissues to produce the most comprehensive mammalian gene expression atlas to date. The data provide a plethora of insights into open reading frames and promoters across different cell types in addition to valuable annotation of mammalian cell-type-specific transcriptomes.
