Neurotechnologies

This Review highlights technological advances in exoskeleton technology from the past two decades, and challenges and opportunities in the exoskeleton-assisted rehabilitation of gait.

This Perspective argues that technologies for the neural interfacing of robotic devices with the body that have been clinically tested in humans should be leveraged toward the creation of a new generation of high-performance bionic limbs.

This Review discusses non-invasive and invasive technologies for conveying artificial sensory feedback through bionic hands.

This Review discusses the characteristics of neural probes that are most likely to facilitate the clinical translation of invasive neural interfaces, the abiotic and biotic factors that contribute to their failure and emerging neural-interface architectures.

This Review Article discusses progress in the development of miniaturized and ultralightweight devices for neuroengineering that are wireless, battery-free and fully implantable.

This Review discusses the most promising gene therapies, cell therapies and retinal prostheses for the treatment of retinal degeneration, as well as upcoming technologies for enhancing vision restoration.

This Review discusses requirements—in cell sources, functional and safety testing, manufacturing and storage, and clinical-trial design—for the clinical advancement of cell therapies for Parkinson’s disease.

This Review describes the current optogenetics toolkit, and discusses its preclinical and translational applicability.

Bionic hands exemplify the challenges of developing neuroprostheses that can be embodied.

Robotic fingers and arms that augment the motor abilities of non-disabled individuals are increasingly feasible yet face neurocognitive barriers and hurdles in efferent motor control.

Comparisons of neural recordings across time, across subsets of neurons and across individuals requires the alignment of low-dimensional latent representations.

A soft and lightweight neuroprosthetic hand that offers simultaneous myoelectric control and tactile feedback outperformed a conventional rigid neuroprosthetic hand in speed and dexterity.

Closed-loop electrical stimulation of the internal capsule of participants undergoing intracranial epilepsy monitoring improved the participants’ performance on a cognitive conflict task, and performance could be decoded from electrode activity.

Closed-loop optogenetic stimulation with excitatory opsins enables the precise manipulation of neural dynamics in brain slices from transgenic mice and in anaesthetized non-human primates.

A generative model that learns mappings between hand kinematics and the associated neural spike trains can be rapidly adapted to new sessions or participants by using limited additional neural data.

A closed-loop brain–machine interface modulates sensory-affective experiences in real time in freely behaving rats by coupling neural codes for nociception directly with therapeutic cortical stimulation.

Optimized ultraflexible electrode arrays enable months-long electrophysiological recordings of several thousand neurons at densities of up to 1,000 neural units per cubic millimetre.

A stretchable neuromorphic ‘nerve’ restores coordinated and smooth motions in the legs of mice with neurological motor disorders, enabling the animals to kick a ball, walk or run.

A miniaturized one-photon endoscope integrating digital micromirrors allows for simultaneous optogenetic stimulation and calcium imaging of identified neurons in freely behaving mice.

Bioresorbable silicon-based optoelectronic thin films can selectively excite or inhibit neural activities, as shown in mice with exposed sciatic nerves and somatosensory cortices.