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This year has been momentous for India. In April, it became the world’s most populous country. The Chandrayaan-3 Moon landing in August and India’s presidency of the G20 group — a group of nations with the world’s largest economies — signal a shift in how the country sees itself as a growing global power. But it faces challenges at home, including a rapid rise in antimicrobial resistance, energy security and how to reverse a trend that sees many of its brightest and best moving elsewhere. This Nature Spotlight explores how science and technology are helping to drive India’s success.
The Ramalingaswami Re-entry fellowship is among a number of schemes set up to attract talented scientists back to India. Diaspora and returning researchers share their career decisions.