Table 1 Post-1970 Trend in QRA fingerprint series.

From: Influence of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Planetary Wave Resonance and Extreme Weather Events

CMIP5 All-Forcing (1970–2005)

Slope (units/yr)

% > 0

p

Multimodel Mean

0.006

 

<0.0001

Multimodel Ensemble (−1σ, +1σ)

(−0.005, 0.017)

68

<0.0001

CMIP5 Anthropogenic-Only (1970–2005)

Multimodel Mean

0.010

  

Multimodel Ensemble (−1σ, +1σ)

(0.0009, 0.020)

88

<0.0001

Observations (1970–2015)

Slope (units/yr)

t

dof

p

GISTEMP

0.022 ± 0.01

2.35

35

0.01

HadCRUT4

0.017 ± 0.01

1.68

34

0.05

Cowtan & Way

0.016 ± 0.01

1.68

37

0.05

Observations (1970–2005)

Slope (units/yr)

t

dof

p

GISTEMP

0.028 ± 0.014

2.03

22

0.03

HadCRUT4

0.019 ± 0.016

1.16

25

0.13

Cowtan & Way

0.018 ± 0.015

1.17

27

0.13