References
Frankel H L, Hancock D O, Hyslop G, et al (1969) The value of postural reduction in the initial management of closed injuries of the spine with paraplegia and tetraplegia. Paraplegia 7: 179–192.
Cooper A (1824) A Treatise on Dislocation and on Fractures of the Joints. Longman, London: 499.
Bell C (1807) A System of Operative Surgery. Longman, London: 132.
Quoted by Burke D C and Murray D D (1976) The management of thoracic and thoraco-lumbar injuries of the spine with neurological involvement. J Bone Joint Surg 58B: 72–78.
Holdsworth F W (1963) Fractures, dislocations and fracture-dislocations of the spine. J Bone Joint Surg 45B: 6–20.
Denis F (1983) The three column spine and its significance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries. Spine 8: 817–831.
Guttmann L (1969) Spinal deformities in traumatic paraplegics and tetraplegics following surgical pro cedures. Paraplegia 7: 38–49.
Katznelson A M (1969) Stabilisation of the spine in traumatic paraplegia. Paraplegia 7: 33–37.
Harrington P R (1972) Technical details in relation to the successful use of instrumentation in scoliosis. Orthop Clin N Am 3: 49–67.
Dickson J H, Harrington P R and Erwin W D (1973) Harrington instrumentation in the fractured, unstable thoracic and lumbar spine. Texas Med 69: 91–98.
Dick W (1989) Internal Fixation of Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Fractures. Hans Huber Publishers, Toronto.
Dali B E, Stauffer E S (1988) Neurological injury and recovery patterns in burst fractures at the T12 or L1 motion segment. Clin Orthop 233: 171.
Esses S I, Botsford D J, Kostuik J P (1990) Evaluation of surgical treatment for burst fractures. Spine 7: 667–673.
White R J (1975) Pathology of spinal cord injury in experimental lesions. Clin Orthop 112: 16–26.
Gaines R W, Humphreys W G (1984) A plea for judgement in management of thoracolumbar fractures and fracture-dislocations. Clin Orthop 189: 36–42.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dickson, R. Spinal injuries: early surgical treatment. Spinal Cord 30, 43–45 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.1992.18
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.1992.18
