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High-surface-area functionalized nanolaminated membranes for energy-efficient nanofiltration and desalination in forward osmosis

Nature Water volume 1, pages 187–197 (2023)Cite this article

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Abstract

Stacking two-dimensional nanosheets into laminar membranes to create nanochannels has attracted widespread attention at both fundamental and practical levels in separation technology. Constructing space-tunable and long-term stable sub-nanometre channels provides original systems for nanofluidic investigations and accurate molecular sieving. Here we report a scalable strategy for the preparation of non-swelling, covalently functionalized MoS2 membranes with tunable cohesion energy and interlayer space ranging from 3.5 to 7.7 Å, depending on the nature of the functional groups attached to the MoS2 nanosheets. We evaluated the relationship between the capillary width, surface chemistry, stacking disorder and sieving behaviour of the membranes in forwards osmosis (FO). By combining experimental investigations and numerical simulations, we determined that functionalization with aryl groups induces the formation of a capillary width of 7.1 Å and an interlayer stiffness as low as 5.6 eV Å−2, leading to controlled stacking defects. We also report the fabrication of membranes with an area of up to 45 cm2 that demonstrate a salt rejection as high as 94.2% for a continuous operating time of 7 days. Furthermore, the desalination strategy in FO has a specific energy consumption of 4 × 10−3 kWh m−3, which compares favourably with commercial FO membranes.

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Fig. 1: Characterization of the functionalized MoS2 nanosheets.
Fig. 2: Characterization of the functionalized MoS2 membranes.
Fig. 3: Water permeation and ionic transport.
Fig. 4: Mechanical properties of functionalized MoS2 nanosheets.
Fig. 5: Water purification performance of the functionalized MoS2 membranes.
Fig. 6: Molecular weight cut-off and water desalination performance of the functionalized MoS2 membranes.

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Data availability

The data that support the plots within this paper and other findings of this study are available from FigShare (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21901638.v1).

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the French National Agency (ANR, programme 2D-MEMBA, ANR-21-CE09-0034-01). D.V., K.Q. and H.W. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 804320). W.W., J. Liu and J. Li acknowledge Ph.D. scholarships from the China Scholarship Council (CSC). C.S. acknowledges funding from the French National Agency (ANR, JCJC programme, MONOMEANR-20-CE08-0009). K.Q. and Y.Z. acknowledge financial support from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M633127) and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2018A030310602). J. Li acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21808134). The French Région Ile-de-France – SESAME programme is acknowledged for financial support (700 MHz NMR spectrometer). GENCI granted access to the HPC resources of IDRIS under allocation 2021-2022-A0110913046 and 097535. L.L. acknowledges funding from the Andalusian regional government (FEDER-UCA-18-107490), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 823717 – ESTEEM3), the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (PID2019-107578GA-I00), the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Union ‘NextGenerationEU’/PRTR (RYC2021-033764-I, CPP2021-008986). The (S)TEM measurements were performed at the National Facility ELECMI ICTS (Division de Microscopía Electrónica, Universidad de Cádiz, DME-UCA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM), UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France

    Wensen Wang, Nicolas Onofrio, Eddy Petit, Bonito Aristide Karamoko, Huali Wu, Jiefeng Liu, Ji Li, Kun Qi, Yang Zhang, Chrystelle Salameh, Philippe Miele & Damien Voiry

  2. College of Bioresources and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China

    Ji Li

  3. Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China

    Yang Zhang

  4. Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France

    Christel Gervais & Philippe Miele

  5. Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, Paris, France

    Christel Gervais

  6. Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain

    Luc Lajaunie

  7. Instituto Universitario de Investigación de Microscopía Electrónica y Materiales (IMEYMAT), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain

    Luc Lajaunie

  8. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China

    Zhiyuan Zeng

  9. Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China

    Zhiyuan Zeng

  10. State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China

    Zhiyuan Zeng

Authors
  1. Wensen Wang
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  2. Nicolas Onofrio
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Contributions

D.V. conceived the idea, designed the experiments and wrote the manuscript. W.W. designed the experiments with D.V., synthesized the functionalized nanosheets, fabricated the membranes and performed the experiments. D.V. and W.W. analysed the data and wrote the manuscript. N.O. performed the atomistic calculations and discussed the results with D.V. and W.W. B.A.K. assisted W.S. with the measurements and synthesized MXene. E.P. performed the liquid NMR and HPLC-UV analyses to quantify the membrane rejection, while H.W., J. Liu, J. Li, K.Q. and Y.Z. assisted W.W with the WCA, Raman and Fourier transform infrared measurements. L.L. performed the (S)TEM measurements and analysed the data. C.G. performed the solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy measurements and discussed the results with C.S. P.M. and Z.Z. discussed the results with W.W. and D.V. All of the authors edited the manuscript before submission.

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Correspondence to Damien Voiry.

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Nature Water thanks Haiping Fang and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work.

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Supplementary Figs. 1–21, Notes 1–8 and Tables 1–7.

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Wang, W., Onofrio, N., Petit, E. et al. High-surface-area functionalized nanolaminated membranes for energy-efficient nanofiltration and desalination in forward osmosis. Nat Water 1, 187–197 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-023-00036-1

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