This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$29.99 / 30 days
cancel any time
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 digital issues and online access to articles
$119.00 per year
only $9.92 per issue
Rent or buy this article
Prices vary by article type
from$1.95
to$39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Fang, J. et al. Endophenotype-based in silico network medicine discovery combined with insurance record data mining identifies sildenafil as a candidate drug for Alzheimer’s disease. Nat. Aging https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-021-00138-z (2021).
Sendor, R. & Stürmer, T. Core concepts in pharmacoepidemiology: confounding by indication and the role of active comparators. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 31, 261–269 (2022).
D’Arcy, M., Stürmer, T. & Lund, J. L. The importance and implications of comparator selection in pharmacoepidemiologic research. Curr. Epidemiol. Rep. 5, 272–283 (2018).
Lund, J. L., Richardson, D. B. & Stürmer, T. The active comparator, new user study design in pharmacoepidemiology: historical foundations and contemporary application. Curr. Epidemiol. Rep. 2, 221–228 (2015).
Kramer, M. S., Lane, D. A. & Hutchinson, T. A. Analgesic use, blood dyscrasias, and case-control pharmacoepidemiology. A critique of the International Agranulocytosis and Aplastic Anemia Study. J. Chronic Dis. 40, 1073–1085 (1987).
Cheng, F. et al. Network-based approach to prediction and population-based validation of in silico drug repurposing. Nat. Commun. 9, 2691 (2018).
Humbert, M. et al. 2022 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 61, 2200879 (2023).
Desai, R. J. et al. Targeting abnormal metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease: the Drug Repurposing for Effective Alzheimer’s Medicines (DREAM) study. Alzheimers Dement. 6, e12095 (2020).
Barlow, A., Barlow, B., Koyfman, A., Long, B. & Bissell, B. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in the emergency department: a focus on medication management. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 47, 101–108 (2021).
Mulhall, J. P., Chopra, I., Patel, D., Hassan, T. A. & Tang, W. Y. Phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor prescription patterns in the United States among men with erectile dysfunction: an update. J. Sex. Med. 17, 941–948 (2020).
Schneeweiss, S. et al. Increasing levels of restriction in pharmacoepidemiologic database studies of elderly and comparison with randomized trial results. Med. Care 45, S131–S142 (2007).
Pottegård, A. et al. Where to begin? Thirty must-read papers for newcomers to pharmacoepidemiology. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 31, 257–259 (2022).
Acknowledgements
J.C.K. has previously received funding as a graduate research assistant from Merck & Co., Inc as well as GSK plc. T.S. receives investigator-initiated research funding and support as principal investigator (R01AG056479) from the National Institute on Aging, and as co-investigator (R01HL118255, R01MD011680), National Institutes of Health. He also receives salary support as Director of Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER), NC TraCS Institute, UNC Clinical and Translational Science Award (UL1TR002489), the Center for Pharmacoepidemiology (current members: GlaxoSmithKline, UCB BioSciences, Takeda, AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim), from pharmaceutical companies (Novo Nordisk) and from a generous contribution from Dr Nancy A. Dreyer to the Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Q.L.H., J.C.K. and T.S. contributed to the development, drafting, reviewing and revising of this paper. Q.L.H., J.C.K. and T.S. approved the final version.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
Q.L.H., J.C.K. and T.S. declare no competing interests. T.S. does not accept personal compensation of any kind from any pharmaceutical company. He owns stock in Novartis, Roche and Novo Nordisk.
Peer review
Peer review information
Nature Aging thanks Emre Guney, Heather Allore, Jennifer Weuve and Kevin Wing for their contribution to the peer review of this work.
Additional information
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Her, Q.L., Kahrs, J.C. & Stürmer, T. Comparator choices in pharmacoepidemiology studies of Alzheimer’s disease. Nat Aging 3, 791–792 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-023-00417-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-023-00417-x