Table 1 Replacement potential and increased food supply

From: Food system by-products upcycled in livestock and aquaculture feeds can increase global food supply

Feedstuff

Feed use (million t)

Replacement material

Replacement potential (%)

Increased food supply

    

1012 kcal

Percentage of current supply (%)

1012 g of protein

Percentage of current supply (%)

1012 g of fat

Percentage of current supply (%)

Cereals

894 (742–1060)

Cereal bran, sugar beet pulp, molasses, distiller’s grains, citrus pulp

9.8 (9.7–9.8)

376 (307–440)

3.6–5.2

9.70 (7.93–11.4)

3.3–4.7

2.65 (2.16–3.10)

0.9–1.2

Cereals including replacement with crop residuesa

 

Cereal bran, sugar beet pulp, molasses, distiller’s grains, citrus pulp, crop residues

26 (25–28)

940 (753–1,180)

8.9–13.8

24.3 (19.4–30.4)

8.1–12.6

6.62 (5.30–8.28)

2.1–3.3

Oilseed oils

13.1 (12.2–14.2)

Poultry oil, fish oil from fish by-products

37 (31–42)

45.6 (36.0–56.5)

0.4–0.7

0

0

4.86 (3.83–6.02)

1.5–2.4

Pulses

18.7 (15.0–22.6)

Oilseed meals, livestock by-products, fishmeal from fish by-products

59 (50–88)

48.9 (33.0–87.1)

0.4–1.0

2.61 (1.76–4.64)

0.7–1.9

0.16 (0.11–0.28)

0.0–0.1

Fishmeal from whole fish

3.46 (3.30–3.64)

Livestock by-products, fishmeal from fish by-products

99 (91–100)

61.9 (53.7–70.2)

0.6–0.8

9.08 (7.87–10.3)

3.3–4.3

2.60 (2.25–2.94)

0.9–1.2

Fish oil from whole fish

0.55 (0.50–0.59)

Poultry oil, fish oil from fish by-products

100 (92–100)

48.9 (41.3–56.5)

0.5–0.7

7.17 (6.06–8.29)

2.5–3.4

2.05 (1.73–2.36)

0.7–1.0

Total

930 (772–1103)

 

12 (11–12)

532 (430–654)

6.2 (5.1–7.7)

21.4 (17.6–26.3)

8.9 (7.3–11.0)

10.3 (8.4–12.3)

4.1 (3.4–5.0)

Total including replacement with crop residues

  

27 (25–29)

1,100 (875–1,390)

12.9 (10.3– 16.3)

35.9 (29.1– 45.3)

15.0 (12.1– 18.8)

14.2 (11.5–17.5)

5.7 (4.6–7.1)

  1. The values represent the replacement potential with selected food system by-products and residues, given replacement constraints (Supplementary Tables 6–8) and regional availability of by-products and residues (Methods). The median, 5th percentile and 95th percentile values of the uncertainty range are presented. Two replacement scenarios for cereals were considered: (1) cereals replaced with by-products that do not have an impact on livestock productivity and (2) cereals replaced also with crop residues considering the reduced productivity (40–80%) in cattle meat and dairy production. Fishmeal and fish oil were converted to whole fish to estimate the increased food supply using the conversion factors 0.2 for fishmeal and 0.04 for fish oil (Methods). Since fishmeal and fish oil can be produced simultaneously from the same fish, the increased food supply from replacing fishmeal and fish oil alternatives is calculated by considering only the one with the higher replacement potential to avoid double-accounting, in this case fishmeal.
  2. aThis is excluded in the ‘Total’ computation but is included in ‘Total including replacement with crop residues’.
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