Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Comment
  • Published:

Discarded food and resource depletion

Food systems are driven by incentives that often lead to food being discarded before entering the market and to the degradation of natural resources. Vegetable production in the water-scarce province of Almería, Spain, illustrates this and highlights the need for policies ensuring ethical and environmental sustainability standards.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Relevant articles

Open Access articles citing this article.

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Fig. 1: Recent trends in Almería’s tomato production.
Fig. 2: Environmental impact associated with vegetables discarded in Andalusia in 2018 and 2019.

References

  1. Global Food Losses and Food Waste: Extent, Causes and Prevention (FAO, 2011).

  2. The State of Food and Agriculture 2019: Moving Forward on Food Loss and Waste Reduction (FAO, 2019).

  3. Porter, S. D., Reay, D. S., Bomberg, E. & Higgins, P. Sci. Total Environ. 631–632, 1544–1552 (2018).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. The CAP in Perspective: From Market Intervention to Policy Innovation (DG-AGRI, 2011).

  5. Tout, D. Geogr. J. 156, 304–312 (1990).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Sánchez-Picón, A., Aznar-Sánchez, J. A. & García-Latorre, J. J. Arid Environ. 75, 1360–1367 (2011).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Downward, S. R. & Taylor, R. J. Environ. Manage. 82, 277–289 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Valera, D. L., Belmonte, L. J., Molina-Aiz, F. D., López, A. & Camacho, F. Acta Horticulturae 1170, (2017).

  9. Lázaro, R., Rodrigo, F. S., Gutiérrez, L., Domingo, F. & Puigdefábregas, J. J. Arid Environ. 48, 373–395 (2001).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Céspedes, A. J., García, M. C., Pérez-Parra, J. J. & Cuadrado, I. M. Caracterización de la Explotación Hortícola Protegida Almeriense (Fundación para la Investigación Agraria en la Provincia de Almería (FIAPA), 2009).

  11. IGME & Junta de Andalucía in Atlas Hidrogeológico de Andalucía 127–149 (Junta de Andalucía, 1998).

  12. Aznar-Sánchez, J. A. & Galdeano-Gómez, E. Open Geogr. J. 4, 103–114 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Análisis de la Campaña Hortofrutícola 2018/2019 (Cajamar, 2020).

  14. The Tomato Market in the EU: Vol. 1: Production, Areas and Yields (European Commission, 2019).

  15. Swyngedouw, E. Environ. Hist. Camb. 20, 67–92 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Observatorio de Precios y Mercados [Price and Market Observatory] (Junta de Andalucía, accessed 2 February 2020); https://go.nature.com/31m01Vq

  17. The Tomato Market in the EU: Vol. 3a: Trade for Fresh Products (European Commission, 2019); https://go.nature.com/3jLUKgd

  18. The Common Agricultural Policy at a Glance (European Commission, accessed 4 October 2020); https://go.nature.com/2T7iTTD

  19. Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development, European Commission Off. J. Eur. Union L138, 4–56 (2017); https://op.europa.eu/s/omAN

  20. Fondo Español de Garantía Agraria (FEGA) Informe de Retiradas en el Marco de los Programas Operativos de las OPFH. Diciembre 2019 (Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, accessed 15 January 2020); https://www.fega.es/es/node/51344

  21. Adenda: Trabajos Necesarios para la Mejora del Conocimiento y Protección Contra la Contaminación y el Deterioro del Estado de las Masas de Agua Subterránea de las Demarcaciones Hidrográficas Andaluzas de Carácter Intracomunitario, Conforme a lo Establecid (Junta de Andalucía, 2011).

  22. Sánchez-Martos, F., Pulido-Bosch, A., Molina-Sánchez, L. & Vallejos-Izquierdo, A. Sci. Total Environ. 297, 43–58 (2002).

    Article  ADS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Maas, E. V. & Hoffman, G. J. J. Irrig. Drain. Div. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 103, 115–134 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Lao, M. T. in Crops: Growth, Quality and Biotechnology 406–431 (WFL Publisher, 2005).

  25. Juntti, M. & Downward, S. D. Land Use Policy 66, 1–9 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Resultados de los Escenarios Locales Cambio Climático actualizados al 5o Informe IPCC: Evolución de los Grupos Climáticos y la Temperatura (Junta de Andalucía, accessed 11 March 2020); https://go.nature.com/3ojKJdQ

  27. Oteros-Rozas, E., Ruiz-Almeida, A., Aguado, M., González, J. A. & Rivera-Ferre, M. G. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 116, 26465–26473 (2019).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Petit, O. et al. Hydrogeol. J. 25, 1549–1564 (2017).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. Custodio, E., Sahuquillo, A. & Albiac, J. Sustain. Water Resour. Manag. 5, 11–26 (2019).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Tobi, R. C. A. et al. Sustain. 11, 1–22 (2019).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Consumer Market Study on the Functioning of Voluntary Food Labelling Schemes for Consumers in the European Union EAHC/FWC/2012 86 04 (European Commission, 2012).

  32. Grunert, K. G., Hieke, S. & Wills, J. Food Policy 44, 177–189 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Tait, P., Saunders, C., Guenther, M., Rutherford, P. & Miller, S. Int. Food Res. J. 23, 1787–1796 (2016).

    Google Scholar 

  34. Almeria’s growers protest low prices and poor position. Hortidaily.com (8 November 2019).

  35. IPOD Índice de Precios en Origen y Destino de los Alimentos (COAG, accessed 15 September 2020); https://go.nature.com/2HfIGq4

  36. Martínez-Valderrama, J. et al. Sci. Total Environ. 563–564, 169–178 (2016).

    Article  ADS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Martínez-Valderrama, J., Guirado, E. & Maestre, F. T. Discarded Food Resource Depletion Data (figshare, 2020); https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12053685

  38. Garcia-Caparros, P., Contreras, J. I., Baeza, R., Segura, M. L. & Lao, M. T. Sustain. 9, 1–21 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Cabello, A. & Cabrera, R. Consideraciones Sobre la Fertilización Nitrogenada en los Cultivos Hortícolas de Invernadero de Almería (Junta de Andalucía, Consejeria de Agricultura y Pesca, 2003).

  40. Reche, J. Agua, Suelo y Fertirrigación de Cultivos Hortícolas en Invernadero (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino, 2008).

  41. Clune, S., Crossin, E. & Verghese, K. J. Clean. Prod. 140, 766–783 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are funded by the European Research Council grant agreement no. 647038 (BIODESERT). F.T.M. acknowledges support from Generalitat Valenciana (CIDEGENT/2018/041).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jaime Martínez-Valderrama.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Martínez-Valderrama, J., Guirado, E. & Maestre, F.T. Discarded food and resource depletion. Nat Food 1, 660–662 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-00186-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-00186-5

This article is cited by

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing Anthropocene

Sign up for the Nature Briefing: Anthropocene newsletter — what matters in anthropocene research, free to your inbox weekly.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing: Anthropocene