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Low-dimensional quantum gases in curved geometries

Nature Reviews Physics volume 5, pages 398–406 (2023)Cite this article

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Abstract

Atomic gases confined in curved geometries are characterized by distinctive features that are absent in their flat counterparts, such as periodic boundaries, local curvature and nontrivial topologies. The recent experiments with shell-shaped quantum gases and the study of ring-shaped superfluids point out that the manifold of a quantum gas could soon become a controllable feature, thus enabling the fundamental study of curved many-body quantum systems. In this Perspective article, we review the main geometries realized in the experiments, analysing the theoretical and experimental status on their phase transitions and on the superfluid dynamics. As our outlook, we delineate the study of vortices, the few-body physics and the search for analogue models in various curved geometries as the most promising research areas.

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Fig. 1: Curved geometries.
Fig. 2: Experiments with atomic gases in curved geometries.
Fig. 3: Future prospects.

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Acknowledgements

A.T. acknowledges support from the ANR grant ‘Droplets’ No. ANR-19-CE30-0003-02. L.S. is partially supported by the BIRD grant ‘Ultracold atoms in curved geometries’ of the University of Padova, by the ‘Iniziativa Specifica Quantum’ of INFN and by the European Union-NextGenerationEU within the National Center for HPC, Big Data and Quantum Computing (Project No. CN00000013, CN1 Spoke 10: ‘Quantum Computing’). A.T. thanks R. Dubessy and I.B. Spielman for interesting discussions. L.S. thanks A. Yakimenko for useful suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, LPTMS, Orsay, France

    Andrea Tononi

  2. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia ‘Galileo Galilei’, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy

    Luca Salasnich

  3. Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy

    Luca Salasnich

  4. INFN — Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy

    Luca Salasnich

  5. CNR-INO, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy

    Luca Salasnich

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  1. Andrea Tononi
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Tononi, A., Salasnich, L. Low-dimensional quantum gases in curved geometries. Nat Rev Phys 5, 398–406 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-023-00591-2

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