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RETRACTED ARTICLE: The amine-catalysed Suzuki–Miyaura-type coupling of aryl halides and arylboronic acids

This article was retracted on 08 December 2021

Matters Arising to this article was published on 02 December 2021

Matters Arising to this article was published on 02 December 2021

Matters Arising to this article was published on 02 December 2021

This article has been updated

Abstract

Suzuki–Miyaura coupling is a practical and attractive carbon−carbon bond formation reaction due to its high efficiency and wide functional group compatibility, but its industrial applications are limited because it is typically catalysed by expensive palladium-containing transition-metal complexes. Here we show a robust and chemoselective organocatalytic Suzuki−Miyaura-type coupling of aryl halides with arylboronic acids catalysed by amines. The utility and scope of this reaction were demonstrated by the synthesis of several commercially relevant small molecules and a selection of derivatives of pharmaceutical drugs.

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Fig. 1: Important drugs with biphenyl substituents and synthetic strategies.
Fig. 2: Optimization of the amine catalysts.
Fig. 3: Reaction scope with different aryl boronics/aryl halides.
Fig. 4: Synthesis and late-stage modification of bioactive molecules.
Fig. 5: Synthetic applications.
Fig. 6: Mechanistic probes.

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Data availability

Characterization of the products, experimental procedures, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, electron paramagnetic resonance and details for DFT calculations are available in the Supplementary Information. The other data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Change history

  • 08 March 2021

    Editor’s Note: The readers are alerted that the conclusions of this paper are subject to criticisms that are being considered by the editors. A further editorial response will follow the resolution of these issues.

  • 08 December 2021

    This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-021-00726-7

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21472033, 21571047, 21672001, 21702041, 21971051, 21871074 and 51961135104), the Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province (201904a07020069) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (PA2020GDKC0021, JZ2020HGTB0062). This article is dedicated to the memory of H.-J.X.’s mentor Professor You-Cheng Liu.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

L.X., H.-Z.Y. and H.-J.X. devised the project. L.X., H.-Z.Y. and H.-J.X. designed and discussed the experiments. L.X., F.-Y.L., W.-J.C. and Z.-L.L. performed the experiments, compound characterization and data analysis. Q.Z., Y.L. and H.-Z.Y. performed the computational studies and the mechanistic studies. L.X., J.X., J.-J.D. and H.-J.X. prepared the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Hai-Zhu Yu or Hua-Jian Xu.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Peer review information Nature Catalysis thanks Z. Wang and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work.

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This article has been retracted. Please see the retraction notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-021-00726-7

Supplementary information

Supplementary Information

Supplementary Methods, Figs. 1–11, Tables 1–7 and references.

Supplementary Data

Cartesian coordinates of Cat, K2CO3, Ph–B(OH)2, Int1, Int2, Int3, TS 3–4, Int4, Int5, TS 4–pro, TS 5–pro, Prod, [KHCO3K2CO3BO(OH)], Int6, Int7, Int8, Int2a, Int2b, Int2c, Int2d, Int1a, Int1b, Int7a and Int9.

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Xu, L., Liu, FY., Zhang, Q. et al. RETRACTED ARTICLE: The amine-catalysed Suzuki–Miyaura-type coupling of aryl halides and arylboronic acids. Nat Catal 4, 71–78 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-020-00564-z

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