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Gasoline automobile catalysis and its historical journey to cleaner air

Nature Catalysis volume 2, pages 603–613 (2019)Cite this article

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Abstract

Environmental regulations in effect since the seventies have been instrumental in promoting continuous progress in the treatment of automotive exhausts, leading to an effective reduction in the emissions of carbon monoxide, unburned non-methane hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen and total particulates matter. This review provides an abbreviated history of the technological advances in the area of automotive catalysis achieved over almost 40 years, primarily by catalyst companies in concert with automobile manufacturers throughout the world. While technological milestones are discussed, the importance of fuel economy in decreasing CO2 emissions is acknowledged, alongside the need of decreasing the use of precious metals and improving the overall electronic control of the exhaust system. The transportation industry is facing the growing desire for a quantum jump towards non-fossil fuel vehicles. Therefore, recent developments in the area of batteries and fuel cell vehicles will also be introduced.

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Fig. 1: Fleet average non-methane organic gases plus NOx emission limits under low emission vehicles (LEV III) and Tier 1.
Fig. 2: Standard laboratory aging cycles.
Fig. 3: Supported catalyst for automotive applications.
Fig. 4: Typical performance of a three-way catalyst as a function of air-to-fuel ratio.
Fig. 5: The exhaust system.

Car image reproduced from Freepik/Flaticon.

Fig. 6: Hydrocarbon emissions as a function of trap location on a vehicle.
Fig. 7: Single cell PEM fuel cell with Pt containing anodes and cathodes.

Car image reproduced from Freepik/Flaticon.

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  1. Earth and Environmental Engineering Department, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, USA

    Robert J. Farrauto

  2. BASF Corporation, Research and Development, Iselin, New Jersey, USA

    Michel Deeba & Saeed Alerasool

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Farrauto, R.J., Deeba, M. & Alerasool, S. Gasoline automobile catalysis and its historical journey to cleaner air. Nat Catal 2, 603–613 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-019-0312-9

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