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  • Perspective
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Foundations and strategies of the construction of hybrid catalysts for optimized performances

Nature Catalysis volume 1, pages 318–325 (2018)Cite this article

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Abstract

Catalysts are generally classified into three categories: homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzyme, each evolved as an independent field. Efforts to bridge these fields are scarce but desirable. In this Perspective, we first describe how numerous classes of reactions can be achieved by all three categories of catalysts. Examples are given based on a selective survey of the literature. Next, a selection of important approaches, the benefits and challenges of constructing heterogeneous–homogeneous, heterogeneous–enzyme and homogeneous–enzyme hybrid catalysts are discussed based on published researches. Hybrid catalysts not only increase the performance, including activity, selectivity, lifetime and recyclability compared to one of the components, but also offer extra functions such as a microenvironment for different reaction pathways, and cascade catalysis for products that are challenging to produce. We expect future tailor-made hybrid catalysts will combine the advantages of the components and be optimized for industrial applications.

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Fig. 1: Schematic of a catalyst space with highlights on the hybrid catalysts.
Fig. 2: Illustrations of existing approaches to construct hybrid catalysts.
Fig. 3: A summary of general advantages and challenges of hybrid catalysts.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge support from the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geological and Biosciences of the US DOE under contract DEAC02-05CH11231. R.Y. and B.B.W. thank the Student Mentoring and Research Teams (SMART) program at UC Berkeley for financial support in Summer 2017.

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  1. Rong Ye

    Present address: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

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  1. Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Rong Ye, Jie Zhao, Brent B. Wickemeyer, F. Dean Toste & Gabor A. Somorjai

  2. Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Rong Ye, F. Dean Toste & Gabor A. Somorjai

  3. Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Rong Ye & Gabor A. Somorjai

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Contributions

R.Y. and G.A.S. conceived the theme, R.Y. wrote the manuscript, and J.Z. designed the layouts of Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and the table of contents image. All authors contributed data and insights, discussed the argument and edited the manuscript.

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Correspondence to F. Dean Toste or Gabor A. Somorjai.

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Ye, R., Zhao, J., Wickemeyer, B.B. et al. Foundations and strategies of the construction of hybrid catalysts for optimized performances. Nat Catal 1, 318–325 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-018-0052-2

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