Retraction of: Scientific Reports https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68951-x, published online 22 July 2020


The Editors have retracted this article.


After publication it was brought to the Editors' attention that some of the figures in this article contain images duplicated from other sources. Specifically:

  • Figure 2 appears to be duplicated (with modification to contrast and 90 degrees rotation) from Figure 1 in Rouhollahi et al.1, which reports a different set of experiments.

  • Panels in Figure 9 appear to be duplicated from panels in Figure 1 in Ghashghaii et al.2, which reports a different set of experiments.

  • Figure 10 contains internal duplications between panels A and B, and between panels E and F, which all represent different experimental conditions.


In addition, Figure 1 appears to have been reused (with alterations to the aspect ratio) from an online source3.


The Editors therefore no longer have confidence in the integrity of the data presented.


Behnam Mahdavi, Sogand Paydarfard, Mohammad Mahdi Zangeneh, Akram Zangeneh, Nastaran Sadeghian, Parham Taslimi and Fatih Sen do not agree with this retraction. Huifang Hou and Vildan Erduran have not responded to any correspondence from the Editors about this retraction.