Table 3 Percentages of peripheral blood immune cell subsets.

From: Hydrogen-rich water reduces inflammatory responses and prevents apoptosis of peripheral blood cells in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial

Cell type (%)

PW group (n = 18)

HW group (n = 19)

PW versus HW

Baseline

Week 4

∆

Baseline

Week 4

∆

P

CD4

40.2 ± 9.0

36.7 ± 10.2

– 3.5 ± 4.8**

38.2 ± 7.3

35.8 ± 8.6

– 2.4 ± 3.6**

0.443

CD8

30.9 ± 6.6

26.1 ± 7.0

– 4.8 ± 2.1***

32.2 ± 7.4

27.8 ± 7.2

– 4.5 ± 2.6***

0.642

CD20

10.0 ± 3.2

11.0 ± 3.2

1.1 ± 3.0

9.0 ± 2.0

10.5 ± 2.9

1.5 ± 2.5*

0.900

CD14

7.2 ± 3.6

10.2 ± 10.7

2.9 ± 11.9

5.6 ± 2.3

5.0 ± 2.9

– 0.6 ± 3.5

0.039

CD11b

34.1 ± 6.5

36.8 ± 12.3

2.7 ± 13.6

31.6 ± 6.1

33.7 ± 10.4

2.1 ± 8.7

0.634

  1. All values are means ± SDs. Percentages indicate the percent of live cells expressing the indicated cell surface markers. There were no significant differences between PW and HW groups for all immune cell frequencies at baseline on the basis of an unpaired t test or a Mann–Whitney U test. ∆ indicates the change from baseline to week 4. Significant differences between baseline and week 4 within each group were determined with a paired t test (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001). P values were obtained with the use of a general linear model adjusting for the value at baseline as a covariate. PW, plain water; HW, H2-rich water.
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