Analysis of Purines and Pyrimidines distribution over miRNAs of Human, Gorilla, Chimpanzee, Mouse and Rat

Meaningful words in English need vowels to break up the sounds that consonants make. The Nature has encoded her messages in RNA molecules using only four alphabets A, U, C and G in which the nine member double-ring bases (adenine (A) and Guanine (G)) are purines, while the six member single-ring bases (cytosine (C) and uracil (U)) are pyrimidines. Four bases A, U, C and G of RNA sequences are divided into three kinds of classifications according to their chemical properties. One of the three classifications, the purine-pyrimidine class is important. In understanding the distribution (organization) of purines and pyrimidines over some of the non-coding RNAs, all miRNAs of the three species (human, gorilla and chimpanzee) of Hominidae family and two species (mouse and rat) from of Muridae family are considered. The distribution of purines and pyrimidines over miRNA shows deviation from randomness. Based on the quantitative metrics (fractal dimension, Hurst exponent, Hamming distance, distance pattern of purine-pyrimidine, density distribution of purine-pyrimidine and Shannon entropy) five different clusters have been made for the five species. We have observed some couple of results including the closeness of different clusters among the five species.

Step-2: Get every sequence serially one by one.
Step-3: Read every nucleotide in the sequence and replaced by respective binary value.

Finding the Fractal dimension (FD) of transformed miRNA sequence.
Input: Read the file (.tex) transformed miRNAs sequence file (binary format). Output: An excel file containing FDs of miRNAs serially, histogram plot.

Process/Steps:
Step-1: Open and read the file.
Step-2: Get every sequence serially one by one.

Process/Steps:
Step-1: Open and read the file.
Step-2: Get every sequence serially one by one.

Process/Steps:
Step-1: Open and read the file.
Step-2: Get two sequences serially pair wise one by one.

Finding the Shannon entropy (SE) of transformed miRNA sequence.
Input: Read the file (.tex) transformed miRNAs sequence file (binary format). Output: An excel file containing SEs of miRNAs pair wise serially, histogram plot.

Process/Steps:
Step-1: Open and read the file.
Step-2: Get every sequence serially one by one.

Process/Steps:
Step-1: Open and read the file.
Step-2: Get every sequence serially one by one.