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Microfabricated blood vessels for modeling the vascular transport barrier

Nature Protocols volume 14, pages 1425–1454 (2019)Cite this article

Abstract

The vascular endothelium forms the inner lining of blood vessels and actively regulates vascular permeability in response to chemical and physical stimuli. Understanding the molecular pathways and mechanisms that regulate the permeability of blood vessels is of critical importance for developing therapies for cardiovascular dysfunction and disease. Recently, we developed a novel microfluidic human engineered microvessel (hEMV) platform to enable controlled blood flow through a human endothelial lumen within a physiologic 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) into which pericytes and other stromal cells can be introduced to recapitulate tissue-specific microvascular physiology. This protocol describes how to design and fabricate the silicon hEMV device master molds (takes ~1 week) and elastomeric substrates (takes 3 d); how to seed, culture, and apply calibrated fluid shear stress to hEMVs (takes 1–7 d); and how to assess vascular barrier function (takes 1 d) and perform immunofluorescence imaging (takes 3 d).

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Fig. 1: Human engineered microvessel platform.
Fig. 2: Overview of the process for making the human engineered microvessel platform.
Fig. 3: End products of key steps for device fabrication.
Fig. 4: Device fabrication procedure.
Fig. 5: Overview of the geometry for photolithography.
Fig. 6: Seeding human umbilical vein endothelial cells into human engineered microvessels.
Fig. 7: Applying flow to human engineered microvessels.
Fig. 8: Process for quantifying diffusive permeability of vessels in the human engineered microvessel platform.
Fig. 9: Expected results for flow and permeability in human engineered microvessels.
Fig. 10: Images of human engineered microvessel platform cultured under flow.
Fig. 11: Applications of the human engineered microvessel platform.

Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Code availability

The custom code used for the current study is provided in the Supplementary Data.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (EB00262, EB08396, UH3EB017103, and HL115553) and the National Science Foundation Center for Engineering MechanoBiology (CMMI15-48571). W.J.P. acknowledges support from a Ruth L. Kirchstein National Research Service Award (F32 HL129733) and from the NIH through the Organ Design and Engineering Training program (T32 EB16652); M.L.K. acknowledges support from the Hartwell Foundation and from the National Institutes of Health (K99-CA226366-01A1); and J.B.T. acknowledges support from the NIH through the Translational Research in Biomaterials Training Program (T32 EB006359).

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Author notes

  1. William J. Polacheck

    Present address: Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA

    William J. Polacheck, Matthew L. Kutys, Juliann B. Tefft & Christopher S. Chen

  2. The Biological Design Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

    William J. Polacheck, Matthew L. Kutys, Juliann B. Tefft & Christopher S. Chen

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Contributions

W.J.P. and C.S.C. conceived of the platform. W.J.P. designed and fabricated the device masters, optimized endothelial cell culture and flow protocols, and developed the permeability assay. W.J.P. and M.L.K. developed the staining and imaging protocols, and M.L.K. and J.B.T. developed the protocols for using hydrogels other than collagen I. J.B.T. optimized the use of pericytes. W.J.P., M.L.K., and J.B.T. performed the experiments and analyzed the data. W.J.P., M.L.K., J.B.T., and C.S.C. wrote the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christopher S. Chen.

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Key references using this protocol

Polacheck, W. J. et al. Nature 552, 258–262 (2017): https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24998

Alimperti, S. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 114, 8758–8763 (2017): https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618333114

McCurley, A. et al. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 28, 1741–1752 (2017): https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2016020200

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Polacheck, W.J., Kutys, M.L., Tefft, J.B. et al. Microfabricated blood vessels for modeling the vascular transport barrier. Nat Protoc 14, 1425–1454 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41596-019-0144-8

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