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Precise temporal memories are supported by the lateral entorhinal cortex in humans

Nature Neuroscience volume 22, pages 284–288 (2019)Cite this article

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Abstract

There is accumulating evidence that the entorhinal-hippocampal network is important for temporal memory. However, relatively little is known about the precise neurobiological mechanisms underlying memory for time. In particular, whether the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) is involved in temporal processing remains an open question. During high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning, participants watched a ~28-min episode of a television show. During the test, they viewed still-frames and indicated on a continuous timeline the precise time each still-frame was viewed during the study. This procedure allowed us to measure error in seconds for each trial. We analyzed fMRI data from retrieval and found that high temporal precision was associated with increased blood-oxygen-level-dependent fMRI activity in the anterolateral entorhinal (a homolog of the LEC in rodents) and perirhinal cortices, but not in the posteromedial entorhinal and parahippocampal cortices. This suggests a previously unknown role for the LEC in processing of high-precision, minute-scale temporal memories.

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Fig. 1: Task parameters and description.
Fig. 2: Behavioral performance.
Fig. 3: Effects of precision on MTL regions.
Fig. 4: Cortical reinstatement effects.

Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank M. Tsai, J. Noche and A. Chun for assistance with data collection. We also thank C. Stark, N. Fortin and D. Huffman for helpful discussions. This work was supported by US NIH grants nos. P50AG05146, R01MH1023921 and R01AG053555 (PI: M.A.Y.), and Training Grant no. T32DC010775 (to M.E.M., PI: Metherate).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA

    Maria E Montchal & Michael A Yassa

  2. Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA

    Zachariah M Reagh

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  1. Maria E Montchal
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  3. Michael A Yassa
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Contributions

M.E.M. and M.A.Y. designed the experiment. M.E.M. collected and analyzed the data with contributions from Z.M.R. M.E.M., Z.M.R. and M.A.Y. contributed substantially to the interpretation of results. M.E.M. and M.A.Y. drafted and revised the manuscript with support from Z.M.R.

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Correspondence to Michael A Yassa.

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Integrated supplementary information

Supplementary Fig 1 Effect of distance from segment boundary on performance.

A one-way repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to determine whether performance differed as a function of each trial’s distance from a segment boundary at encoding (n = 19 participants). A segment boundary is defined as the beginning or end of a video segment at encoding (the episode was split into three segments). We conducted a one-way repeated-measures ANOVA comparing trials that were of short (2–107 seconds), medium (108–186 seconds) and long (200–277 seconds) distances from a segment boundary, which was not statistically significant [F(2,18)= 3.29, p = 0.0506], indicating that error does not differ significantly based on a trial’s distance from a segment boundary.

Supplementary Fig 2 Effect of vividness on MTL and cortical regions.

After scanning, participants viewed the still-frames one more time and were asked to indicate how vividly they could recall the scene associated with each one on a 5 point scale (n = 12 participants). High, medium, and low vividness trials were entered into a GLM. Paired t-tests were conducted on high and low vividness beta coefficients, and no significant results were found after correcting for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni-Holm method in the alEC [t = 0.4983, df = 11, two-tailed p = 0.6281], pmEC [t = 1.947, df = 11, p = 0.0774], angular gyrus [t = 3.06, df = 11, p = 0.0109], MPFC [t = 2.956, df = 11, two-tailed p = 0.0131; critical p is 0.0083], PRC [t = 0.4744, df = 11, two-tailed = 0.6445], PHC [t = 1.976, df = 11, two-tailed p = 0.0738; critical p is 0.01], ACC [t = 0.5422, df = 11, two-tailed p = 0.5985], PCC [t = 0.1654, df = 11, two-tailed p = 0.8716], DGCA3 [t = 0.7672, df = 11, two-tailed p = 0.4591], CA1 [t = 0.6167, df = 11, two-tailed p = 0.549], precuneus [t = 0.3441, df = 11, two-tailed p = 0.7373], RSC [t = 0.703, df = 11, two-tailed p = 0.4967]).

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Montchal, M.E., Reagh, Z.M. & Yassa, M.A. Precise temporal memories are supported by the lateral entorhinal cortex in humans. Nat Neurosci 22, 284–288 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0303-1

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