Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Comment
  • Published:

Progress and challenges in analyzing rodent energy expenditure

Whole-body energy expenditure is the summed metabolic activities of tissues and, to remove the influence of body size, ratios of energy expenditure to body mass are often applied but can generate spurious differences. In 2011, a group of experts proposed adoption of ANCOVA for the analysis of metabolic rate but, seven years later, analyses based on ratios remain the most frequent. We discuss some of the barriers to adopting better analytical procedures.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Relevant articles

Open Access articles citing this article.

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Fig. 1: Analytical aspects in rodent metabolic studies.

References

  1. NCD-RisC. Lancet 387, 1377–1396 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Wardle, J. & Boniface, D. Int. J. Obes. 32, 527–32 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Lam, Y. Y. & Ravussin, E. Mol. Metab. 5, 1057–1071 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Lighton, J. R. B. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 71, 301–305 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Tanner, J. M. J. Appl. Physiol. 2, 1–15 (1949). First paper calling for attention regarding the fallacy of expressing physiological variables per unit of body size.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Cochran, W. G. Biometrics 13, 261–281 (1957).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ravussin, E., Lillioja, S., Anderson, T. E., Christin, L. & Bogardus, C. J. Clin. Invest. 78, 1568–1578 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Packard, G. C. & Boardman, T. J. Physiol. Zool. 61, 1–9 (1988).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Arch, J. R. S., Hislop, D., Wang, S. J. Y. & Speakman, J. R. Int. J. Obes. 30, 1322–1331 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Butler, A. A. & Kozak, L. P. Diabetes 59, 323–9 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Tschöp, M. H. et al. Nat. Methods 9, 57–63 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Hall, K. D. et al. Lancet 378, 826–37 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Heymsfield, S. B. et al. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 282, 132–138 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Ravussin, E. & Bogardus, C. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 49, 968–975 (1989). Remarkable analysis of the main determinants of energy expenditure in humans. This paper also elaborates the need for proper analysis when comparing individuals of different body size.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Kleiber, M. The Fire of Life: An introduction to animal energetics (Wiley, 1961).

  16. Mitchell, S. E. et al. Oncotarget 8, 17453–17474 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Javed, F. et al. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 91, 907–12 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Speakman, J. R. Front. Physiol. 4, 34 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Tracy, C. & Sugar, J. Physiol. Zool. 62, 993–997 (1989).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Mina, A. I. et al. Cell Metab. 28, 656–666 (2018).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

R.F.V. was supported by Fondecyt #11180361 (Conicyt, Chile). J.E.G was supported by Fondecyt #1170117 (Conicyt, Chile).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

J.E.G., E.R. and J.R.S. conceived the work. R.F.V. and J.E.G. designed, acquired and analyzed the data, and drafted the manuscript. All authors interpreted the data, substantively reviewed the manuscript, approved the submitted version and agreed to be personally accountable for their contributions.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jose E. Galgani.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Supplementary information

Supplementary Information

Supplementary Table 1. Retrieved articles analyzing energy expenditure in mice and published between July 2012 and June 2018. Related to Fig. 1b.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Fernández-Verdejo, R., Ravussin, E., Speakman, J.R. et al. Progress and challenges in analyzing rodent energy expenditure. Nat Methods 16, 797–799 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0513-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0513-9

This article is cited by

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing