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Precision medicine treatment in acute myeloid leukemia using prospective genomic profiling: feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the Beat AML Master Trial

Nature Medicine volume 26, pages 1852–1858 (2020)Cite this article

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Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common diagnosed leukemia. In older adults, AML confers an adverse outcome1,2. AML originates from a dominant mutation, then acquires collaborative transformative mutations leading to myeloid transformation and clinical/biological heterogeneity. Currently, AML treatment is initiated rapidly, precluding the ability to consider the mutational profile of a patient’s leukemia for treatment decisions. Untreated patients with AML ≥ 60 years were prospectively enrolled on the ongoing Beat AML trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03013998), which aims to provide cytogenetic and mutational data within 7 days (d) from sample receipt and before treatment selection, followed by treatment assignment to a sub-study based on the dominant clone. A total of 487 patients with suspected AML were enrolled; 395 were eligible. Median age was 72 years (range 60–92 years; 38% ≥75 years); 374 patients (94.7%) had genetic and cytogenetic analysis completed within 7 d and were centrally assigned to a Beat AML sub-study; 224 (56.7%) were enrolled on a Beat AML sub-study. The remaining 171 patients elected standard of care (SOC) (103), investigational therapy (28) or palliative care (40); 9 died before treatment assignment. Demographic, laboratory and molecular characteristics were not significantly different between patients on the Beat AML sub-studies and those receiving SOC (induction with cytarabine + daunorubicin (7 + 3 or equivalent) or hypomethylation agent). Thirty-day mortality was less frequent and overall survival was significantly longer for patients enrolled on the Beat AML sub-studies versus those who elected SOC. A precision medicine therapy strategy in AML is feasible within 7 d, allowing patients and physicians to rapidly incorporate genomic data into treatment decisions without increasing early death or adversely impacting overall survival.

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Fig. 1: Overview of the Beat AML trial.
Fig. 2: Comutation oncoprint of eligible Beat AML trial patients.
Fig. 3: Overall survival estimates.

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Data availability

The data presented represents patient enrollment between 17 November 2016 and 30 January 2018. The trial is active and continues to enroll patients. The LLS is committed to making nonconfidential, nonidentifiable data available to individuals or teams focused on advancing the therapeutic efforts for patients with AML and related blood cancers. These requests will be evaluated by the principals of Beat AML (A.B., R.L.L., B.D. and J.C.B.) for appropriateness.

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Acknowledgements

The investigative team thanks the patients and their caregivers who participated in this trial. The study was sponsored by the LLS, which holds the investigational new drug (IND) application for this trial. Funding for the trial was made possible by the Harry T. Mangurian Foundation, many other donors and the sites that enabled resources for rapid turnaround for cytogenetics and other monitoring requirements of patients. The IND and ultimate design and implementation of this trial came forth from integral collaboration of the LLS team and members at the FDA under the leadership of R. Pazdur, D. Przepiorka, A. Deisseroth and A. Farrell, to whom we are greatly indebted. We thank the investigators and coordinators at each of the clinical sites and the patients who participated in this trial and their families who supported them. Sub-studies in this trial were supported by the pharmaceutical sponsor. We thank the pharmaceutical sponsors who paid the cost of performing the specific sub-studies with their investigational drugs. This work was supported by the NCI (grant no. R35 CA198183 to J.C.B.; grant no. R35 CA197594 to R.L.L.) and in part through the NIH/NCI Cancer Center Support grant nos. P30 CA008748, P30CA069533 and P30 CA016058. We acknowledge many references that could not be included based on the limitations of the journal.

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: Amy Burd, Ross L. Levine, Brian Druker, John C. Byrd.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, Rye Brook, NY, USA

    Amy Burd, Leonard Rosenberg, Sonja Marcus & Ashley Yocum

  2. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

    Ross L. Levine, Eytan M. Stein & Brian Ball

  3. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Amy S. Ruppert, Alice S. Mims, Alison Walker, Abigail B. Shoben, Nyla A. Heerema, Molly Miller, Timothy Chen, Mona Stefanos & John C. Byrd

  4. Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA

    Uma Borate, Elie Traer & Brian Druker

  5. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA

    Prapti Patel & Robert Collins

  6. University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Maria R. Baer & Vu. H. Duong

  7. University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Wendy Stock & Olatoyosi Odenike

  8. The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Michael Deininger & Tibor Kovacsovics

  9. Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    William Blum & Martha Arellano

  10. University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Gary Schiller

  11. University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Rebecca Olin

  12. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Mark Litzow

  13. Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA

    James Foran

  14. University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA

    Tara L. Lin

  15. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Michael Boyiadzis

  16. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Matthew C. Foster

  17. Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Jo-Anne Vergilio, Tim Brennan, Christine Vietz & Eric Severson

Authors
  1. Amy Burd
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  2. Ross L. Levine
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  40. John C. Byrd
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Contributions

A.B., R.L.L., B.D. and J.C.B. conceived and implemented the trial, oversaw the management and reviewed and approved the final manuscript. J.C.B., A.S.R. and A.B. wrote the first draft of the manuscript. A.S.R. and A.B.S. oversaw the statistical planning and analysis. A.S.M., U.B., E.M.S., P.P., M.R.B., W.S., M.D., W.B., G.S., R.O., M.L., J.F., T.L.L., B.B., M.B., E.T., O.O., M.A., A.W., V.H.D., T.K., R.C., A.B.S. and M.C.F. enrolled patients on the study, reviewed the drafts and approved the final manuscript. N.A.H. performed the central cytogenetic review for the study. J.-A.V., T.B., C.V., E.S., M.M., L.R., S.M., A.Y., T.C. and M.S. were part of the operation, implementation and oversight of the trial, reviewed the drafts and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to John C. Byrd.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

A.B., S.M., L.R. and A.Y. are employees of LLS. LLS receives funding from AbbVie, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International, Boston Biomedical, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, ImmunoGen, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer, Pharmacyclics, RTI Health Solutions, Shire and Takeda. R.L.L. has served on the supervisory board of QIAGEN, the scientific advisory boards of Loxo Oncology (until 2019), Imago BioSciences, Mission Bio, Mana Therapeutics, Auron Therapeutics, C4 Therapeutics and Isoplexis (including equity interest). He has received research support from and consulted for Celgene and Roche, was a consultant for Incyte Corporation, Eli Lilly and Company, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Astellas Pharma, MorphoSys and Novartis, and has received research support from Prelude Therapeutics and honoraria from AstraZeneca, Roche, Eli Lilly and Company and Gilead Sciences. A.S.M. has served on the advisory boards of Jazz Pharmaceuticals, AbbVie/Genentech, Astellas Pharma, PTC Therapeutics, Novartis, Agios Pharmaceuticals and Syndax Pharmaceuticals. U.B. has been a consultant for Genetech, Daiichi Sankyo, Takeda, Pfizer, AbbVie/Genetech and Novartis. E.M.S. has served on the advisory boards of Astellas Pharma, AbbVie, Genentech, Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis, Amgen, Seattle Genetics, Syros Pharmaceuticals, Syndax Pharmaceuticals, Agios Pharmaceuticals and Celgene. He is an equity holder in Auron Therapeutics. P.P. has served on the advisory board of Agios Pharmaceuticals. W.S. has served on the advisory boards of Astellas Pharma, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Kite Pharma, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Servier, MorphoSys and Amgen, and has received speaking honoraria from AbbVie and Pfizer. M.D. has served on the advisory boards of Blueprint Medicines, Takeda, Incyte Corporation and Sangamo Therapeutics. He has been a consultant for Blueprint Medicines, Fusion Pharmaceuticals, Medscape, Novartis, Sangamo Therapeutics and DisperSol Technologies and has received research funding from Blueprint Medicines, Takeda, Novartis, Incyte Corporation, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company and Pfizer. He has served on the study management committees of Blueprint Medicines and Takeda. W.B. has received research funding from Forma Therapeutics, Xencor and Celyad Oncology and honoraria from AmerisourceBergen. G.S. has served on the advisory boards of Incyte Corporation, ElevateBio, AbbVie, Karyopharm Therapeutics, ONO Pharma UK, Novartis, Evidera, Agios Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, NCI and FDA. He has received research funding from AbbVie, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Ambit Biosciences, Amgen, ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Astellas Pharma, LLS, BioMed Valley Discoveries, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celator Pharmaceuticals, Celgene, Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Forma Therapeutics, Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals, Daiichi Sankyo, Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Gamida Cell, Gilead Sciences, Incyte Corporation, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Kite Pharma, Mateon Therapeutics, MedImmune, Millenium, National Marrow Donor Program, NIH, Novartis, Onconova Therapeutics, Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Sangamo Therapeutics, Stemline Therapeutics, Tolero Pharmaceuticals, Trovagene (Cardiff Oncology), University of California, Davis, University of California, San Diego and the University of California Hematologic Malignancies Consortium. He has received stock from Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer and Johnson & Johnson. He has served on the speakers’ bureaux of Agios Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, Astellas Pharma, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Sanofi Genzyme, Incyte Corporation, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Kite Pharma (Gilead Sciences), Pharmacyclics and Stemline Therapeutics. R.O. has been a consultant for and received honoraria from Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Genentech, Amgen and Revolution Medicines and has received research funding from Daiichi Sankyo, Astellas Pharma, Pfizer, Genentech, Takeda, Novartis, AstraZeneca, MedImmune (AstraZeneca), Spectrum Pharmaceuticals and Mirati Therapeutics. J.F. has been on the advisory boards of Novartis, Servier and Pfizer. He has been a consultant for Revolution Medicine and has received research funding from AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Actinium Pharmaceuticals, Aprea Therapeutics, Aptose Biosciences, H3 Biomedicine, Kura Oncology, Tolero Pharmaceuticals, Trillium Therapeutics, Xencor and Takeda/Millennium. E.T. has served on the advisory boards of AbbVie, Astellas Pharma, Genentech, Agios Pharmaceuticals and Daiichi Sankyo. He has received clinical trial support from Janssen Pharmaceutica and clinical trial funding and sponsored research from Incyte Corporation. He holds equity in Notable Labs. O.O. has served on the advisory boards of AbbVie, Celgene and Impact Biomedicines. She has received research funding from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Astex, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Celgene, CTI BioPharma, Incyte Corporation, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Kartos Therapeutics, NS Pharma and OTS. M.A. has served on the advisory boards of Gilead Sciences and Syndax Pharmaceuticals. M.C.F. has been a consultant for Agios Pharmaceuticals, MacroGenics and Daiichi Sankyo and has received research funding from the LLS. J.-A.V. is an employee of Foundation Medicine, a wholly owned subsidiary of Roche Holdings and with equity interest in Roche Holdings. E.S. is an employee of Foundation Medicine with equity interest in Roche Holdings. B.D. has served on the scientific advisory boards of Aileron Therapeutics, Therapy Architects (ALLCRON), Cepheid, Vivid Biosciences, Celgene, RUNX1 Research Program, EnLiven Therapeutics, Gilead Sciences (inactive), Monojul (inactive). He has served on the scientific advisory boards of and received stock from Aptose Biosciences, Blueprint Medicines, Iterion Therapeutics, Third Coast Therapeutics, GRAIL (scientific advisory board, inactive). He is the scientific founder of MolecularMD (inactive, acquired by ICON). He has served on the board of directors of and received stock from Amgen. He has served on the board of directors of Burroughs Wellcome Fund and CureOne, the joint steering committee of Beat AML LLC. He is the founder of VBL Therapeutics, has received clinical trial funding from Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb and Pfizer and royalties from patent no. 6958335 (Novartis exclusive license), OHSU and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (one Merck exclusive license). J.C.B. has received research support from Janssen Pharmaceutica, Genentech, Acerta Pharma and Pharmacyclics and has served on the advisory board of Syndax Pharmaceuticals. He has received funding from the NCI (grant no. R35 CA198183) and in part through an NIH/NCI Cancer Center Support grant no. P30 CA008748. M.R.B., R.C., T.K., B.B., M.B., T.B., V.H.D., N.A.H., M.L., M.M., A.S.R., A.B.S., M.S., T.L.L., C.V. and A.W. declare no conflicting interests.

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Burd, A., Levine, R.L., Ruppert, A.S. et al. Precision medicine treatment in acute myeloid leukemia using prospective genomic profiling: feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the Beat AML Master Trial. Nat Med 26, 1852–1858 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-1089-8

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