Correction to: Nature Medicine https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0919-z, published online 8 June 2020.

In the version of this article initially published, the arrow adjacent to ‘Biofilm-associated bacteria’ in Fig. 1 was upside-down. The correct direction for the arrow is pointing up. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.