Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • News & Views
  • Published:

Gene regulation

A balancing act in the control of self-antigen expression

The AIRE protein drives the expression of tissue-restricted self-antigens, required to induce immune tolerance for self-proteins. New work shows the importance of an external interaction between AIRE and the transcriptional activator CBP/p300, and an internal competition for nuclear-condensate formation.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Fig. 1: Structural domains of AIRE.

References

  1. Nagamine, K. et al. Nat. Genet. 17, 393–398 (1997).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Anderson, M. S. et al. Science 298, 1395–1401 (2002).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Miller, C. N., Waterfield, M. R., Gardner, J. M. & Anderson, M. S. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 42, 427–453 (2024).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Givony, T. et al. Nature 622, 164–172 (2023).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Michelson, D. A., Hase, K., Kaisho, T., Benoist, C. & Mathis, D. Cell 185, 2542–2558 e2518 (2022).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Anderson, M. S. et al. Immunity 23, 227–239 (2005).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Huoh, Y.-S. et al. Nat. Immunol. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-024-01922-w (2024).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Guerau-de-Arellano, M., Mathis, D. & Benoist, C. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 14011–14016 (2008).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Abramson, J., Giraud, M., Benoist, C. & Mathis, D. Cell 140, 123–135 (2010).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Waterfield, M. et al. Nat. Immunol. 15, 258–265 (2014).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Giraud, M. et al. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 535–540 (2012).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Bansal, K., Yoshida, H., Benoist, C. & Mathis, D. Nat. Immunol. 18, 263–273 (2017).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Rinderle, C., Christensen, H. M., Schweiger, S., Lehrach, H. & Yaspo, M. L. Hum. Mol. Genet. 8, 277–290 (1999).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Huoh, Y. S. et al. Nat. Commun. 11, 1625 (2020).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Koh, A. S., Kingston, R. E., Benoist, C. & Mathis, D. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 13016–13021 (2010).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Org, T. et al. EMBO Rep. 9, 370–376 (2008).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Pitkanen, J. et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 333, 944–953 (2005).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Saare, M., Rebane, A., Rajashekar, B., Vilo, J. & Peterson, P. Exp. Cell Res. 318, 1767–1778 (2012).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Fang, Y., Bansal, K., Mostafavi, S., Benoist, C. & Mathis, D. Nature 628, 400–407 (2024).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mark S. Anderson.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Waterfield, M.R., Anderson, M.S. A balancing act in the control of self-antigen expression. Nat Immunol 25, 1520–1521 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-024-01940-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-024-01940-8

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing