A Donnan equilibrium causes an influx of chloride ions into the Escherichia coli periplasm when the bacterium finds itself in gastric fluid. The combination of low pH and high anion concentration drives proteins to aggregate, a potentially lethal event unless prevented by specific chaperones.
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Kleanthous, C. Compartmentalizing acid stress in bacteria. Nat Chem Biol 14, 993–994 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-018-0148-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-018-0148-7
