The detection of 78 bacterial species in the urinary tracts of 77 catheterized female patients further emphasizes that the urinary tract is not sterile. However, many questions arise from these findings, not the least of which is what these organisms are doing in the urinary tract.
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Reid, G. What are bacteria doing in the bladder?. Nat Rev Urol 15, 469–470 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41585-018-0032-y
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