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Resilience pathways for halide perovskite photovoltaics under temperature cycling

Nature Reviews Materials (2025)Cite this article

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Abstract

Metal-halide perovskite solar cells have achieved power conversion efficiencies comparable to those of silicon photovoltaic (PV) devices, approaching 27% for single-junction devices. The durability of the devices, however, lags far behind their performance. Their practical implementation implies the subjection of the material and devices to temperature cycles of varying intensity, driven by diurnal cycles or geographical characteristics. Thus, it is vital to develop devices that are resilient to temperature cycling. This Perspective analyses the behaviour of perovskite devices under temperature cycling. We discuss the crystallographic structural evolution of the perovskite layer, reactions and/or interactions among stacked layers, PV properties and photocatalysed thermal reactions. We highlight effective strategies for improving stability under temperature cycling, such as enhancing material crystallinity or relieving interlayer thermal stress using buffer layers. Additionally, we outline existing standards and protocols for temperature cycling testing and we propose a unified approach that could facilitate valuable cross-study comparisons among scientific and industrial research laboratories. Finally, we share our outlook on strategies to develop perovskite PV devices with exceptional real-world operating stability.

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Fig. 1: The cycling temperature influence on perovskite structure.
Fig. 2: Temperature influence on perovskite structure.
Fig. 3: The evolution of device performance parameters with temperature cycles.
Fig. 4: Strategies for enhancing photovoltaic performance under thermal cycling.
Fig. 5: Photovoltaic performance under real-world diurnal cycles.
Fig. 6: Graphic representation of the recommended thermal cycling profile.

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Acknowledgements

This Perspective is supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 804519), the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 101075330 of the NEXUS project and the Marie Skłodowska Curie Actions Postdoc Fellow (UKRI Guarantee, grant no. EP/Y029216/1). S.-H.T.-C. thanks the funding support of the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain under Ayudas Ramón y Cajal (RYC2022-035578-I). J.P. acknowledges support from Energy for Future — E4F Postdoctoral fellowship programme H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2020 (101034297). M. Saliba thanks the German Research Foundation (DFG) for funding (SPP2196, 431314977/GRK 2642); GRK: ‘funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) — 431314977/GRK2642’. M. Saliba acknowledges funding from the European Union under the Horizon Europe programme (ERC, LOCAL-HEAT, grant agreement no. 101041809). M. Saliba acknowledges funding from the German Bundesministerium für Bildung and Forschung (BMBF), project ‘NETPEC’ (01LS2103E). Views and opinions expressed are, however, those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.

Author information

Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: Luyan Wu, Shuaifeng Hu, Feng Yang.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany

    Luyan Wu  (吴录艳), Guixiang Li  (李桂香) & Antonio Abate

  2. Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy

    Luyan Wu  (吴录艳) & Michele Saba

  3. Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Shuaifeng Hu  (胡帅锋) & Junke Wang  (王竣可)

  4. Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Nanoscience and Materials Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, P. R. China

    Feng Yang  (杨枫) & Meng Li  (李萌)

  5. College of Physics, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Semiconductor & Functional Device Integration, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, P. R. China

    Feng Yang  (杨枫)

  6. Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland

    Guixiang Li  (李桂香) & Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin

  7. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China

    Guixiang Li  (李桂香)

  8. Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

    Weiwei Zuo  (左巍巍), José J. Jerónimo-Rendon & Michael Saliba

  9. Instituto de Ciencia de los Materiales (ICMUV), Universidad de Valencia, Paterna, Spain

    Silver-Hamill Turren-Cruz

  10. Helmholtz Young Investigator Group FRONTRUNNER, IEK5-Photovoltaics Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany

    Michael Saliba

  11. Polymat, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain

    Jorge Pascual

  12. Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany

    Antonio Abate

Authors
  1. Luyan Wu  (吴录艳)
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  2. Shuaifeng Hu  (胡帅锋)
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Contributions

L.W., S.H., F.Y. and G.L. contributed to the writing and editing of this manuscript. L.W. and G.L. prepared the first draft. G.L. and M.L. contributed to the discussion of content and writing. A.A. contributed to the discussion and review of the manuscript. G.L., J.P., M.L. and A.A. supervised the project. S.H., F.Y., J.W., W.Z., J.J.J.-R., J.P. and S.-H.T.-C. contributed to suggestions and revised the manuscript. M. Saba, M. Saliba and M.K.N. reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors contributed their expertise and participated in revision rounds of the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Guixiang Li  (李桂香), Jorge Pascual, Meng Li  (李萌) or Antonio Abate.

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Wu, L., Hu, S., Yang, F. et al. Resilience pathways for halide perovskite photovoltaics under temperature cycling. Nat Rev Mater (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-025-00781-7

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