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The surface of halide perovskites from nano to bulk

Nature Reviews Materials volume 5, pages 809–827 (2020)Cite this article

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Abstract

The surface of a semiconductor often has a key role in determining its properties. For metal halide perovskites, understanding the surface features and their impact on the materials and devices is becoming increasingly important. At length scales down to the nanoscale regime, surface features become dominant in regulating the properties of perovskite materials, owing to the high surface-to-volume ratio. For perovskite bulk films in the micrometre range, defects and structural disorder readily form at the surface and affect device performance. Through concerted efforts to optimize processing techniques, high-quality perovskite thin films can now be fabricated with monolayer-like polycrystalline grains or even single crystals. Surface defects therefore remain the major obstacle to progress, pushing surface studies to the forefront of perovskite research. In this Review, we summarize and assess recent advances in the understanding of perovskite surfaces and surface strategies towards improving perovskite materials and the efficiency and stability of perovskite devices.

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Fig. 1: Surface terminations and disorder.
Fig. 2: Surface chemistry and defects in metal halide perovskite nanoparticles.
Fig. 3: Surface-sensitive techniques for characterizing metal halide perovskites.
Fig. 4: Surface-defect-healing strategies.
Fig. 5: Surface band-tuning strategies.
Fig. 6: Manipulation of surface tension.

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Acknowledgements

This article is based on work supported by the US Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) under the Solar Energy Technologies Office award number DE-EE0008751. The authors thank A. Z. Stieg and S. Gilbert Corder for helpful discussions regarding AFM and nano-FTIR techniques, and S. Nuryyeva, M. Mujahid and S. Tan for help with language editing prior to submission.

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  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Jingjing Xue, Rui Wang & Yang Yang

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J.X. and R.W. researched most of the data and prepared the first draft. Y.Y. revised the manuscript before submission and supervised the project.

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Xue, J., Wang, R. & Yang, Y. The surface of halide perovskites from nano to bulk. Nat Rev Mater 5, 809–827 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-0221-1

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