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Lithium-film ceramics for solid-state lithionic devices

Nature Reviews Materials volume 6, pages 313–331 (2021)Cite this article

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Abstract

The search for alternatives to traditional Li-ion batteries has sparked interest in the chemistry and manufacturing of solid-state Li-ion conductors. Li-ion conductors are traditionally processed as millimetre-sized pellets using conventional ceramic-processing routes. However, in thin-film form, Li-ion conductors offer applications beyond energy storage, including artificial intelligence, in-memory computing and smart sensing. In this Review, we examine the chemistry and thin-film processing of Li oxides and discuss challenges and opportunities for the integration of Li-oxide films in microbatteries for energy storage, neuromorphic computation mimicking human-brain operations and sensors for toxins and greenhouse gases. Li oxides in thin-film form provide fast Li-ion movement and connected electronic-state changes, which improve energy and information density and increase cycle speed and endurance of Li-conductor-based devices. Finally, we provide a future vision of lithionic devices integrating Li-based ceramics for the design of microdevices beyond batteries.

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Fig. 1: Oxide-based Li-ion conductors.
Fig. 2: Li-controlled electronic configurations.
Fig. 3: Thin-film solid-state battery designs.
Fig. 4: Neuromorphic computing with Li-based memristors.
Fig. 5: Solid-state electrochemical gas sensors.

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Acknowledgements

Y.Z., J.C.G.-R., Z.D.H. and K.J.K. were supported by Samsung Electronics, NGK Inc., Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. BSSGI0_155986) and National Science Foundation MRSEC Program (grant no. DMR-1419807). M.B. acknowledges financial support from the US-Israel Fulbright Program, the Zuckerman Israeli Postdoctoral Scholars Program and the MIT-Technion Postdoctoral Fellowship. J.L.M.R. thanks the Thomas Lord Foundation for financial support. The authors thank A. Westover for the fruitful discussions and final proofreading.

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  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Yuntong Zhu, Juan Carlos Gonzalez-Rosillo, Moran Balaish, Zachary D. Hood, Kun Joong Kim & Jennifer L. M. Rupp

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Jennifer L. M. Rupp

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the research and discussion of data, figure preparation and proofreading of the manuscript. Y.Z. contributed to the writing and editing of all sections of the manuscript. J.C.G.-R. wrote the Li-controlled electronic configurations and Neuromorphic computing with Li sections. M.B. contributed to the writing of the Solid-state electrochemical sensors and the editing of the Solid-state Li-conducting films sections. Z.D.H. contributed to the writing of the Solid-state thin-film batteries and the editing of the Solid-state electrochemical sensors sections. K.J.K. contributed to the writing of the Solid-state Li-conducting films section. J.L.M.R. initiated the concept for the ‘lithionics’, discussed, edited and revised the manuscript in all parts.

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Correspondence to Jennifer L. M. Rupp.

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Zhu, Y., Gonzalez-Rosillo, J.C., Balaish, M. et al. Lithium-film ceramics for solid-state lithionic devices. Nat Rev Mater 6, 313–331 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-020-00261-0

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