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Designing polymers for advanced battery chemistries

Nature Reviews Materials volume 4, pages 312–330 (2019)Cite this article

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Abstract

Electrochemical energy storage devices are becoming increasingly important to our global society, and polymer materials are key components of these devices. As the demand for high-energy density devices increases, innovative new materials that build on the fundamental understanding of physical phenomena and structure–property relationships will be required to enable high-capacity next-generation battery chemistries. In this Review, we discuss core polymer science principles that are used to facilitate progress in battery materials development. Specifically, we discuss the design of polymeric materials for desired mechanical properties, increased ionic and electronic conductivity and specific chemical interactions. We also discuss how polymer materials have been designed to create stable artificial interfaces and improve battery safety. The focus is on these design principles applied to advanced silicon, lithium-metal and sulfur battery chemistries.

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Fig. 1: Polymers in commercial Li-ion batteries.
Fig. 2: Advanced battery chemistries and related challenges.
Fig. 3: Mechanical properties of polymers.
Fig. 4: Ion transport in polymer electrolytes.
Fig. 5: Electronic conductivity in polymers.
Fig. 6: Chemical interactions between S or Si and polymer binders.
Fig. 7: Solid electrolyte and Li-metal interface in Li-ion batteries.
Fig. 8: Polymer materials for improved battery safety.

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Acknowledgements

J.L. and D.G.M. thank the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program for support under grant no. DGE-114747.

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Jeffrey Lopez, David G. Mackanic & Zhenan Bao

  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Yi Cui

  3. Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA

    Yi Cui

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Lopez, J., Mackanic, D.G., Cui, Y. et al. Designing polymers for advanced battery chemistries. Nat Rev Mater 4, 312–330 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-019-0103-6

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