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  • Review Article
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Tissue repair and regeneration with endogenous stem cells

Nature Reviews Materials volume 3, pages 174–193 (2018)Cite this article

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An Author Correction to this article was published on 27 July 2018

This article has been updated

Abstract

In contrast to non-mammalian vertebrates, mammals and humans have limited innate capacity for the self-regeneration of tissues and organs owing to differences in genetics, development, immune systems and tissue complexity. Endogenous stem cells are tissue-specific adult stem cells with the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into specific cell types. Therefore, endogenous stem cells are being explored for the regeneration of tissues in situ and in vivo. Stem cells reside in specific niches in the body, and stem cell activation depends on progressive changes in the niche. Niches are specific and instructive microenvironments that can be recreated using biomaterial-based scaffolds. Such scaffolds can be fabricated into a variety of shapes and formulations, and they can be functionalized with biochemical and biophysical cues to guide stem cell fate and migration. In this Review, we discuss important differences in the self-regeneration abilities of non-mammalian vertebrates and mammals, including humans, and investigate adult stem cell populations and their niches involved in tissue repair and regeneration. We highlight natural and synthetic biomaterials and their potential for improving applications of endogenous stem cells and examine the role of interspecies chimaeras in regenerative medicine.

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Fig. 1: Tissue regeneration in different species.
Fig. 2: Relationship between regenerative capacity and immune competence.
Fig. 3: Mesenchymal stem cell signalling.
Fig. 4: Haematopoietic stem cell niche and muscle satellite cell niche.
Fig. 5: Biomaterials for endogenous stem cells.
Fig. 6: Implantable and injectable biomaterials.
Fig. 7: Biomaterial functionalization.

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Change history

  • 27 July 2018

    This article was originally published with an incorrect affiliation 1. The correct affiliation 1 is: Department of Pediatric Surgery and Center for Genetic Diagnosis, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the members of the laboratories of H.X., L.Z. and K.Z. for helpful discussions. This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 81771629, 81770510, 81671498 and 81600399).

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: Huimin Xia, Xin Li, Weiwei Gao and Xin Fu.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Surgery and Center for Genetic Diagnosis, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China

    Huimin Xia, Xin Fu & Kang Zhang

  2. Shiley Eye Institute and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Xin Li, Xin Fu & Kang Zhang

  3. Department of NanoEngineering and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Weiwei Gao, Ronnie H. Fang, Liangfang Zhang & Kang Zhang

  4. Veterans Administration Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA

    Kang Zhang

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  1. Huimin Xia
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H.X., L.Z. and K.Z. designed the study. All authors discussed the results and wrote and commented on the manuscript.

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Xia, H., Li, X., Gao, W. et al. Tissue repair and regeneration with endogenous stem cells. Nat Rev Mater 3, 174–193 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-018-0027-6

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