A Swedish nationwide registry-based study has examined the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver-related mortality associated with low-dose aspirin use in patients infected with hepatitis B or hepatitis C viruses. A total of 50,275 patients who received a diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C between 2005 and 2015 were identified, 14,205 of whom were established as low-dose aspirin users according to prescription data. On the basis of a median 7.9 years follow-up, the estimated cumulative incidence of HCC was shown to be significantly lower among aspirin users than nonusers (4.0% versus 8.3%; P < 0.001), an association that was also found to be dependent on the duration of aspirin use. The 10-year liver-related mortality was also significantly lower among aspirin users than nonusers (11.0% versus 17.9%; P <0.001), but importantly, there was no significant difference in the 10-year risk of gastrointestinal bleeding between the groups.