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Nano-omics: nanotechnology-based multidimensional harvesting of the blood-circulating cancerome

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology volume 19, pages 551–561 (2022)Cite this article

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Abstract

Over the past decade, the development of ‘simple’ blood tests that enable cancer screening, diagnosis or monitoring and facilitate the design of personalized therapies without the need for invasive tumour biopsy sampling has been a core ambition in cancer research. Data emerging from ongoing biomarker development efforts indicate that multiple markers, used individually or as part of a multimodal panel, are required to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of assays for early stage cancer detection. The discovery of cancer-associated molecular alterations that are reflected in blood at multiple dimensions (genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome) and integration of the resultant multi-omics data have the potential to uncover novel biomarkers as well as to further elucidate the underlying molecular pathways. Herein, we review key advances in multi-omics liquid biopsy approaches and introduce the ‘nano-omics’ paradigm: the development and utilization of nanotechnology tools for the enrichment and subsequent omics analysis of the blood-circulating cancerome.

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Fig. 1: Translational potential of multi-omics liquid biopsy.
Fig. 2: The nano-omics paradigm.
Fig. 3: Nanomaterial-based isolation of blood EVs and CTCs.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge funding support from the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) and the Cancer Research UK International Alliance for Cancer Early Detection (ACED; EICEDAAP\100013).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    Lois Gardner, Kostas Kostarelos & Marilena Hadjidemetriou

  2. Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    Lois Gardner & Caroline Dive

  3. Catalan Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (ICN2), UAB Campus, Barcelona, Spain

    Kostas Kostarelos

  4. Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, California, USA

    Parag Mallick

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Contributions

L.G. researched data for the article; L.G., K.K. and M.H. made substantial contributions to the discussion of content; L.G., P.M. and M.H. wrote the manuscript; and L.G., K.K., C.D. and M.H. edited the manuscript before submission. M.H. took responsibility for revising the manuscript after submission.

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Correspondence to Marilena Hadjidemetriou.

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Gardner, L., Kostarelos, K., Mallick, P. et al. Nano-omics: nanotechnology-based multidimensional harvesting of the blood-circulating cancerome. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 19, 551–561 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-022-00645-x

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