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Does nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer still exist?

After almost 20 years of negative trials of novel therapies for patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC), two androgen receptor antagonists have shown favourable outcomes in phase III trials involving patients with high-risk nmCRPC. Herein, the history of nmCRPC and clinical trials in this disease setting are discussed and a perspective on molecular imaging and clinical management of nmCRPC is offered.

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Correspondence to Celestia S. Higano.

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Competing interests

C.S.H. has served on advisory boards and/or steering committees for Astellas, Bayer, Blue Earth Diagnostics, Clovis Oncology, Ferring, Janssen, Myriad, and Tolmar, has received Institutional research funding from Aptevo, Aragon, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Hoffman LaRoche, Janssen, Medivation, and Pfizer, and declares that her spouse is a co-founder of, and has a leadership role at, CTI Biopharma.

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Higano, C.S. Does nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer still exist?. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 15, 350–351 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-018-0025-z

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