Growing evidence indicates that sexual and gender minority populations might be at greater risk of cardiovascular disease than the general population. Additional population and clinical health research is needed to inform the development of tailored, evidence-based interventions to promote the cardiovascular health of sexual and gender minority populations.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$29.99 / 30 days
cancel any time
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Understanding the Well-Being of LGBTQI+ Populations https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25877 (2020).
Caceres, B. A. et al. Assessing and addressing cardiovascular health in LGBTQ adults: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 142, 2747–2757 (2020).
Caceres, B. A. et al. A systematic review of cardiovascular disease in sexual minorities. Am. J. Public Health 107, e13–e21 (2017).
Azagba, S., Latham, K. & Shan, L. Cigarette, smokeless tobacco, and alcohol use among transgender adults in the United States. Int. J. Drug Policy 73, 163–169 (2019).
Streed, C. G. et al. Cardiovascular disease among transgender adults receiving hormone therapy: a narrative review. Ann. Intern. Med. 167, 256–267 (2017).
Streed, C. G., Grasso, C., Reisner, S. L. & Mayer, K. H. Sexual orientation and gender identity data collection: clinical and public health importance. Am. J. Public Health 110, 991–993 (2020).
Chan, P. S. Invisible gender in medical research. Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes 12, 139–148 (2019).
Streed, C. G., Siegel, J. & Davis, J. A. Keeping our promise to LGBTQ+ patients. AAMC https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/insights/keeping-our-promise-lgbtq-patients (2019).
Streed, C. G., Lunn, M. R., Siegel, J. & Obedin-Maliver, J. Meeting the patient care, education, and research missions: academic medical centers must comprehensively address sexual and gender minority health. Acad. Med. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003703 (2020).
National Public Radio, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation & Harvard T.H. School of Public Health. Discrimination in America: Experiences and Views of LGBTQ Americans. https://legacy.npr.org/documents/2017/nov/npr-discrimination-lgbtq-final.pdf (2017).
Acknowledgements
B.A.C. is supported by a career development award from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the USA. C.G.S. is supported by a career development award from the AHA.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Caceres, B.A., Streed, C.G. Cardiovascular health concerns in sexual and gender minority populations. Nat Rev Cardiol 18, 227–228 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-021-00518-3
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-021-00518-3
