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Cancer prevention

Intercepting gastric cancer

Nature Reviews Cancer volume 24, page 651 (2024)Cite this article

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Helicobacter pylori is categorized as a class 1 carcinogen owing to its involvement in gastric carcinogenesis. Although previous clinical trials have suggested that eliminating this bacterium can reduce gastric cancer risk, more rigorous evidence was required at a population level. Pan et al. took on this challenge by performing a large-scale, cluster-randomized controlled trial to assess whether eradicating H. pylori in asymptomatic individuals would be beneficial in preventing gastric cancer.

Importantly, the primary outcome of this trial showed that at 11.8 years follow-up, individuals receiving anti-H. pylori treatment exhibited a modest reduction in gastric cancer incidence compared with individuals who were H. pylori-positive and receiving symptom alleviation treatment (hazard ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.74–0.99). This effect of reduced risk was even stronger for those individuals for whom H. pylori eradication was effective (hazard ratio 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.69–0.96) compared to those for whom the treatment had failed to eliminate H. pylori.

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  1. Nature Reviews Cancer http://www.nature.com/nrc/

    Anna Dart

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  1. Anna Dart
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Correspondence to Anna Dart.

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Dart, A. Intercepting gastric cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 24, 651 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41568-024-00748-w

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