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Deterministic multi-mode gates on a scalable photonic quantum computing platform

Nature Physics volume 17, pages 1018–1023 (2021)Cite this article

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Abstract

Quantum computing can be realized with numerous different hardware platforms and computational protocols. A highly promising, and potentially scalable, idea is to combine a photonic platform with measurement-induced quantum information processing. In this approach, gate operations can be implemented through optical measurements on a multipartite entangled quantum state—a so-called cluster state. Previously, a few quantum gates on non-universal or non-scalable cluster states have been performed, but a full set of gates for universal scalable quantum computing has not been realized. Here we propose and demonstrate the deterministic implementation of a multi-mode set of measurement-induced quantum gates in a large two-dimensional optical cluster state using phase-controlled continuous-variable quadrature measurements. Each gate is programmed into the phases of high-efficiency quadrature measurements, which execute the transformations by teleportation through the cluster state. We further execute a small quantum circuit consisting of 10 single-mode gates and 2 two-mode gates on a three-mode input state. Fault-tolerant universal quantum computing is possible with this platform if the cluster-state entanglement is improved and a supply of states with Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill encoding is available.

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Fig. 1: Experimental set-up and computation scheme.
Fig. 2: Single-mode gates.
Fig. 3: Two-mode gate.
Fig. 4: Quantum circuit.

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Data availability

Raw data and corresponding data analysis code that support the findings of this study (Figs. 2–4) are available at figshare with the identifier https://doi.org/10.11583/DTU.1467357053.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge useful discussions with R. N. Alexander and J. Hastrup. The work was supported by the Danish National Research Foundation through the Center for Macroscopic Quantum States (bigQ, DNRF0142).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Macroscopic Quantum States (bigQ), Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

    Mikkel V. Larsen, Xueshi Guo, Casper R. Breum, Jonas S. Neergaard-Nielsen & Ulrik L. Andersen

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Contributions

M.V.L. and U.L.A. conceived the project. J.S.N.-N., X.G., C.R.B. and M.V.L. built the squeezing sources. M.V.L. developed the theoretical background, designed the experiment and built the set-up. M.V.L. performed the experiment and data analysis. The project was supervised by U.L.A. and J.S.N.-N. The manuscript was written by U.L.A., M.V.L. and J.S.N.-N., with feedback from all authors.

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Correspondence to Mikkel V. Larsen or Ulrik L. Andersen.

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Peer review information Nature Physics thanks the anonymous reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.

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Supplementary Sections 1–4, Figs. 1–11 and refs. 1–22.

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Larsen, M.V., Guo, X., Breum, C.R. et al. Deterministic multi-mode gates on a scalable photonic quantum computing platform. Nat. Phys. 17, 1018–1023 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-021-01296-y

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