Abstract
Halide perovskites have shown promising potential for direct X-ray detection due to their high X-ray absorption coefficient, low trap states and convenient fabrication process. However, it is still a challenge to achieve high sensitivity, low dark current and low detection limit in a single material. The deep reason for this is the trade-off between the material’s μτ product and resistivity. Here we report the construction of an organic–inorganic hybrid anti-perovskite ((2-Habch)3Cl(PtI6)) with indirect transition and low orbital symmetry at the band edge to achieve an ultralong intrinsic lifetime and thus break the trade-off. (2-Habch)3Cl(PtI6) achieves an unprecedented long carrier lifetime of >3 ms, leading to a large μτ product of 6.25 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 and high resistivity of 1012 Ω cm, outperforming most X-ray detection materials. These properties enabled the development of X-ray detectors that simultaneously achieve an ultralow dark current of 0.21 nA cm−2, high sensitivity of 1.0 × 104 µC Gyair−1 cm−2, ultralow detection limit of 2.4 nGyair s−1 and excellent operational stability with no observable baseline drift, outperforming state-of-the-art perovskite single-crystal detectors. The rare combination of high performance in almost every figure of merit in the anti-perovskite-based X-ray detector could enable new-generation X-ray detection systems.
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Data availability
The main data that support the findings of this study are available in this article and its Supplementary Information. Additional data are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Z. Xiao and S. Geng for providing calculation data and helpful discussions. G.N. acknowledges support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U23A20359), the Innovation Project of Optics Valley Laboratory (OVL2023ZD002) and Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (SGDX20230116093205009). L.L. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22109057), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (20212BAB214021), the Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education (GJJ200836) and the high-level talent research launch project of Jiangxi University of Technology (205200100505). H.-Y.Y. thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22275075) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (20204BCJ22015 and 20202ACBL203001) for support. Y.F. acknowledges financial support from the Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education (GJJ210847). S.Y.L. acknowledges financial support from the Graduate Innovation Special Fund Project of Jiangxi Province (YC2022-S700).
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G.N. and L.L. conceived the idea and designed the experiments. G.N. and H.-Y.Y. supervised the work. H.-Y.Y. and Z.-J.W. synthesized and characterized the crystals. L.L. and S.-Y.L. carried out the device fabrication and characterizations. C.-L.F. and Y.F. conducted the resistivity and UV–vis measurements. Y.S. and S.Z. conducted the TOF measurements. M.-X.C. carried out the PL characterizations. H.-Y.S., Y.M. and Y.L. conducted the dark current drift measurements. L.L. and G.N. wrote the draft of the paper. All authors discussed the results and commented on the paper.
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Liu, L., Liu, SY., Shi, Y. et al. Anti-perovskites with long carrier lifetime for ultralow dose and stable X-ray detection. Nat. Photon. 18, 990–997 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-024-01482-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-024-01482-3
