Electromagnetic fields in light waves are mainly transverse to propagation direction but actually also have longitudinal components, which may give rise to unexpected optical phenomena involving the angular momentum of light, such as transverse spin and optical torques.
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Cardano, F., Marrucci, L. Longitudinal fields and transverse rotations. Nat. Photonics 15, 72–74 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-020-00756-w
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